L06c - Enterprise Java Beans
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Questions and Answers

How did single CPU operating systems evolve into distributed systems?

Single CPU operating systems initially focused on technical issues in single-processor environments, which then expanded to support parallel processing and eventually evolved into systems operating over multiple interconnected machines as distributed systems emerged.

What role does object technology play in structuring operating systems?

Object technology aids in structuring operating systems through core concepts like inheritance and reuse, as well as multi-level structuring applicable at various levels of system architecture.

Define Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) and explain its purpose.

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) are reusable software components that consist of multiple Java objects bundled together, designed to facilitate easy passing and reuse of these components across different applications.

Describe the difference between a user's perception of an enterprise and the internal complexity of that enterprise.

<p>Users perceive enterprises as single, unified entities with straightforward interactions, whereas the internal complexity involves numerous interconnected services, systems, and departments working together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do enterprise mergers and acquisitions impact systemic complexity?

<p>Mergers and acquisitions create amalgamated entities that combine multiple systems and processes, resulting in increased complexity in both internal and external operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main challenges introduced by inter-enterprise interactions?

<p>Inter-enterprise interactions present challenges such as service integration, where multiple companies collaborate to fulfill service requests, complicating overall operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding supply chain models in enterprise interactions?

<p>Understanding supply chain models is significant as they illustrate how enterprises collaborate and coordinate to fulfill service requests, involving multiple entities working together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways does the complexity of internal operations contrast with user experience?

<p>The complexity of internal operations involves intricate dependencies and numerous divisions, whereas users experience a simplified and unified interaction from their personal devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key challenges associated with interoperability in enterprise systems?

<p>Ensuring different systems can work together smoothly without compatibility issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does scalability impact the design of enterprise systems?

<p>Scalability allows systems to handle growing amounts of work and to expand as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does object technology, such as Enterprise JavaBeans, play in managing enterprise complexity?

<p>Object technology promotes reuse and modularity, aiding in the scalability and maintainability of systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the importance of atomicity in booking systems.

<p>Atomicity ensures that transactions are fully completed or not at all, preventing inconsistencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of interface compatibility during system mergers?

<p>It is vital for aligning different systems' interfaces to enable smooth operation post-merger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges might arise from resource competition during ticket bookings?

<p>Users competing for the same physical resources, like flight seats, can lead to conflicts in availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how continuous evolution affects enterprise system design.

<p>Enterprises must adapt their systems to keep up with technological changes and market demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding internal complexities vital for recognizing enterprise operations?

<p>It illuminates the differences between how enterprises are perceived externally and how they function internally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do reusable components contribute to system development in enterprises?

<p>They streamline development and maintenance by reducing redundancy and improving consistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implications do concurrency issues have on enterprise system operations?

<p>They can cause data inconsistencies and require effective synchronization to manage simultaneous user interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does modularity provide in enterprise system design?

<p>Modularity facilitates easier updates and improvements by allowing components to be modified independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do giant scale services differ from organizational services?

<p>Giant scale services operate on an internet-wide scale, serving millions, while organizational services are limited within a single organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is reliability critical in enterprise system performance?

<p>Reliability ensures consistent performance and uptime, which is essential for maintaining user trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does object technology play in the development of scalable services?

<p>Object technology facilitates the reuse of components, which enhances development efficiency and scalability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two key challenges commonly faced in giant scale services.

<p>Concurrency and resource management are critical challenges in managing giant scale services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are N-Tier applications, and why are they designed this way?

<p>N-Tier applications are structured with multiple layers, each responsible for specific functionalities to enhance scalability and modularity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of the Application Logic Layer in an N-Tier application.

<p>The Application Logic Layer processes user requests and implements business rules, acting as a bridge between the user interface and business logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ACID stand for in the context of transactions, and why is it significant?

<p>ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, and it ensures that transactions are processed reliably.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does caching improve the performance of applications?

<p>Caching temporarily stores frequently accessed data, reducing database load and improving data access speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main objectives of structuring N-Tier applications?

<p>The main objectives are to reduce network communication, lower security risks, and increase concurrency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the concept of service clustering and its benefits.

<p>Service clustering groups related services to improve performance and availability, allowing better load handling and fault tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of security in e-commerce applications?

<p>Security protects sensitive information, ensuring data confidentiality and user trust, which are vital for maintaining business integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does parallelism benefit applications in terms of response time?

<p>Parallelism reduces response time by allowing multiple tasks to be processed concurrently without interdependencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the concept of embarrassingly parallel applications.

<p>Embarrassingly parallel applications consist of tasks that can be executed simultaneously with little to no dependency on one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Database Layer in N-Tier architectures?

<p>The Database Layer manages data storage and retrieval, providing necessary information to the application and business logic layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is persistence important in N-Tier applications?

<p>Persistence maintains state and data over time, allowing users to resume interrupted transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using load balancers in concurrent request handling?

<p>Load balancers distribute requests evenly across servers, enhancing performance and preventing any single server from becoming overwhelmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define clustering computations and its benefits.

<p>Clustering computations groups similar tasks to optimize processing, which enhances performance and reduces redundant calculations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two types of components that can be reused in application development.

<p>Code libraries and services are two types of reusable components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) containers?

<p>EJB containers manage Enterprise JavaBeans, providing transaction management, security, and concurrency control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between stateful and stateless session beans.

<p>Stateful session beans maintain a conversational state with a client, while stateless session beans do not retain any state between method calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how modular design benefits component reuse.

<p>Modular design promotes interchangeable parts, making it easier to reuse components across different applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fine-grained beans, and why are they advantageous?

<p>Fine-grained beans encapsulate small functionalities, allowing for enhanced concurrency and easier maintenance and testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of web containers in the JEE framework.

<p>Web containers manage servlets and JSPs, handling HTTP requests and generating dynamic web pages for clients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of persistence management for entity beans?

<p>Bean-Managed Persistence (BMP) and Container-Managed Persistence (CMP) are the two types of persistence management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of structuring N-tier applications?

<p>The goal is to reduce latency and security risks while increasing concurrency and performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do message-driven beans primarily handle?

<p>Message-driven beans handle asynchronous messages, acting as listeners for messaging systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one strategy for optimizing shared resources to prevent bottlenecks.

<p>Implementing thread pools to manage concurrent execution is one strategy to optimize shared resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of component reuse in application development?

<p>Component reuse increases efficiency by reducing development time and ensuring consistency across the application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the client container in the JEE framework?

<p>The client container manages client-side application components and handles user interface interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the security implications of using a coarse-grain session bean design?

<p>A coarse-grain session bean design secures business logic within the corporate network, preventing exposure to external threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of RMI affect network performance in a distributed application?

<p>Using RMI can introduce network latency and overhead due to additional communication required between the session facade and entity beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of using local interfaces in EJB design?

<p>Local interfaces help improve performance by allowing co-location of components and reducing network communication overhead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do entity beans play in enhancing concurrency?

<p>Entity beans allow for parallel data access, enabling session facades to issue multiple requests simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss how the third design alternative combines the strengths of the first two designs.

<p>The third design alternative uses a session facade to maintain business logic security while allowing enhanced concurrency through entity beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the implications of moving business logic to the web container?

<p>Moving business logic to the web container exposes it to external access, thereby increasing security risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two cross-cutting concerns that must be managed in EJB applications.

<p>Two key cross-cutting concerns are security and persistence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of applying object technology in enterprise applications?

<p>Object technology promotes component reuse which enhances maintainability and scalability of complex applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the session facade in EJB architecture.

<p>The session facade acts as a protective barrier that encapsulates business logic and facilitates communication between client and EJB components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the EJB container support developers in application development?

<p>The EJB container manages critical concerns such as security and persistence, allowing developers to concentrate on business logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the second design alternative that incorporates entity beans?

<p>To mitigate the lack of parallelism in database access present in the first design alternative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do entity beans facilitate parallel data access?

<p>Entity beans allow multiple database rows to be accessed simultaneously, enabling parallel data retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between bean-managed persistence (BMP) and container-managed persistence (CMP).

<p>BMP requires persistence logic to be implemented within the entity bean, while CMP allows the EJB container to handle persistence automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential benefits of moving business logic into the web container?

<p>Moving business logic can enhance concurrency and utilize resources more efficiently by amortizing database access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trade-offs must developers consider when using the second design alternative?

<p>Developers must balance improved performance through parallel data access with the security vulnerabilities introduced by exposing business logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the session facade pattern enhance security in the third design alternative?

<p>It associates a session bean with each client session, keeping business logic within the EJB container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do servlets play in the web container of the second design alternative?

<p>Servlets handle client sessions and presentation logic, acting as the interface for client requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the granularity of entity beans impact concurrency?

<p>Granularity affects concurrency by determining how many database rows each entity bean represents, which can be fine- or coarse-grained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of increased complexity in managing parallelism and concurrency?

<p>Increased complexity can lead to issues such as race conditions or data inconsistencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does utilizing multiple entity beans benefit concurrent requests from different clients?

<p>It enables shared access to similar data requests, allowing clustering of requests to optimize database access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What communication interface is preferred to eliminate network overhead between the session facade and entity beans?

<p>The local interface is preferred as it co-locates entity beans with the session facade in the same EJB container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons for developers to select CMP over BMP?

<p>CMP simplifies development by allowing the EJB container to manage persistence automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the efficient resource utilization benefit in the second design alternative.

<p>It amortizes database access across multiple clients, reducing latency and improving response times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What security risks are introduced by moving business logic into the web container?

<p>It exposes the business logic to external networks, increasing potential vulnerabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of using fine-grained beans in N-tier applications?

<p>Fine-grained beans increase complexity due to the management of many small components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key justification for implementing the third design alternative using a session facade?

<p>It retains concurrency benefits while securing business logic by housing it within the EJB container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do coarse-grained beans simplify business logic?

<p>Coarse-grained beans encapsulate a larger set of functionalities, reducing the number of components to coordinate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trade-off between fine-grained and coarse-grained beans?

<p>Fine-grained beans offer higher concurrency but increase complexity, while coarse-grained beans simplify logic but limit concurrency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'bean granularity' refer to in the context of N-tier applications?

<p>Bean granularity refers to the level of detail in which beans encapsulate functionalities within an application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario might coarse-grained beans perform better than fine-grained beans?

<p>Coarse-grained beans may perform better in environments where overhead is a concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key considerations when structuring N-tier applications using JEE?

<p>A key consideration is to balance concurrency needs with the complexity of business logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is component reuse important in N-tier applications?

<p>Component reuse maximizes the utilization of existing beans, accelerating development and enhancing consistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Web Container in N-tier architecture?

<p>The Web Container contains the presentation logic and serves as the interface between the client and the server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant security consideration in the design of N-tier applications?

<p>Business logic should be confined within the corporate network inside the EJB container to enhance security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do session beans interact with databases in the context of an airline reservation system?

<p>Session beans retrieve flight details for bookings and manage data access required by the business logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constraints do coarse-grained session beans impose on concurrency?

<p>Coarse-grained session beans limit concurrency, resembling a monolithic kernel that cannot fully exploit parallel processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of EJB container services in managing session beans?

<p>EJB container services primarily coordinate conflicts from concurrent data access between multiple session beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of performance can be compromised by using a coarse-grained session bean architecture?

<p>Using coarse-grained session beans can compromise the ability to efficiently handle concurrent operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should developers consider when evaluating trade-offs in bean granularity?

<p>Developers must consider application requirements, performance goals, and maintainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Single CPU OS

Operating systems designed for a single central processing unit.

Distributed Systems

Operating systems that work across multiple interconnected computers.

EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans)

Reusable Java components for building large-scale applications (mainly distributed services).

Monolithic View

Users see enterprises as a single, unified entity.

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Intra-Enterprise Complexity

Internal complexity of an organization, hidden from external users.

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Supply Chain Models

Collaboration between companies to fulfill a service request.

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Service Integration

Using parts of services from different companies.

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Enterprise Mergers/Acquisitions

Combining multiple companies, systems, and processes.

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Interoperability

The ability of different systems to work together seamlessly.

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Interface Compatibility

Ensuring that the interfaces between merged systems are aligned.

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System Evolution

Ongoing updates and improvements to systems to match technology advances.

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Scalability

A system's ability to handle increasing workloads.

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Reliability

Consistent performance and uptime of a system.

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Maintenance Costs

Financial implications of managing complex systems and integrations.

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Giant Scale Services

Services used globally by a vast number of users on a daily basis.

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Concurrency Issues

Problems caused by multiple users accessing and modifying data simultaneously.

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Synchronization

Ensuring data consistency across various systems.

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Atomicity

Ensuring that transactions are either completed fully or not at all.

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Reusable Components

Common features across different services that can be used repeatedly.

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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Programming style that promotes modular, reusable components.

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Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)

An object-oriented approach used to manage system complexity.

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Resource Competition

Multiple users vying for the same limited resource.

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Communication

Efficient and reliable exchange of information.

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Concurrency Across Requests

Handling multiple user requests simultaneously to improve application performance.

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Load Balancers

Distribute requests evenly across multiple servers to prevent overload & slowdowns.

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Thread Pools

Manage concurrent tasks, preventing excessive creation and destruction of threads.

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Clustering Computations

Grouping similar tasks for faster processing by reusing computations.

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Components

Modular parts of an application logic, independently developed & reused.

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Code Libraries

Reusable functions or classes.

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Services

Reusable business logic accessible through APIs.

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Frameworks

Standardized structures for building applications.

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Modular Design

Creating applications with interchangeable parts for efficiency and reusability.

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N-Tier Applications

Applications structured into multiple layers for separation of concerns, improving manageability.

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Containers (JEE)

Manage component lifecycles, providing security, transactions & resource pooling.

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Beans (JEE)

Reusable components in Java applications, bundled into packages.

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Entity Beans

Represent persistent data, often corresponding to database rows.

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Session Beans

Represent client interactions during a session.

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N-Tier Application

An application structured into multiple layers (presentation, application logic, business logic, database) each responsible for specific functionalities.

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Presentation Layer

Handles the user interface, displaying information and receiving input.

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Application Logic Layer

Handles processing and coordination between presentation and business logic layers.

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Business Logic Layer

Implements business rules and processes specific to the application domain.

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Database Layer

Handles data storage and retrieval.

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Persistence

The ability of an application to maintain data even after interruptions.

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Transaction

A sequence of operations treated as a single unit (ACID properties).

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ACID Properties

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability (transaction properties).

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Caching

Temporarily storing frequently accessed data for faster retrieval.

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Clustering

Grouping services or data to improve performance and availability.

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Embarrassingly Parallel Applications

Applications where tasks can be run independently, simultaneously.

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Concurrency

Handling multiple requests or tasks at the same time.

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Reusable Components

Components that can be used in multiple different parts of the application.

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Object-Oriented Components

Reusable parts of services, based on object-oriented programming paradigms.

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Giant Scale Services

Large-scale applications serving globally.

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Entity Beans

Represent units of data in a database, handling data access and persistence.

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Parallel Data Access

Retrieving data from the database simultaneously using multiple entity beans.

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Encoded Parallelism

Entity beans enable simultaneous data access from a single client or multiple clients.

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Fine-Grained Entity Beans

Entity beans representing a single database row.

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Coarse-Grained Entity Beans

Entity bean representing a set of rows for greater concurrency.

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BMP

Bean-Managed Persistence: Entity beans handle their own persistence logic

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CMP

Container-Managed Persistence: The container handles persistence.

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Session Facade

Session bean managing business logic and data access for a client session.

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Concurrency Across Clients

Entity beans enabling data requests from multiple clients concurrently.

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Web Container

Part of the application dealing with presentation logic and handling client requests.

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EJB Container

The container housing the entity beans, session beans managing the business logic.

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RMI

Remote Method Invocation. Mechanism used for communication between session and entity beans in a distributed system.

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Local Interface

An interface that co-locates entity and session beans in the same container, avoiding network overhead.

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Servlet

Web component handling client sessions and presentation logic.

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Coarse-Grained Beans

Beans that encapsulate a larger set of functionalities, simplifying business logic.

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Fine-Grained Beans

Beans that encapsulate small, specific functionalities, potentially offering higher concurrency but increased complexity.

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Concurrency

The ability of a system to execute multiple tasks simultaneously.

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Bean Granularity

The size or scope of functionality within a bean.

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Business Logic Complexity

The intricacy of the rules and procedures within an application's logic.

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Container Utilization

Effectively managing and deploying beans within a container.

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Component Reuse

Reusing existing beans to expedite development and maintain consistency.

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Scalability and Performance

Application's ability to handle increased load and user demands.

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Servlet

Part of the web container, acts as an interface between client and server.

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Coarse-Grain Session Bean

Session bean that encapsulates a significant portion of business logic, associated with a specific client session.

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Overhead

Extra costs or resources required to manage components within the system.

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EJB Container

Container manages EJBs, including session beans, interacting with the database.

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Limited Concurrency

Structure lacks parallelism for concurrent tasks, impacting performance in some cases.

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Trade-offs in Bean Granularity

Balancing the benefits of concurrency and efficiency against simplicity and reduced maintenance efforts in bean design.

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EJB Container

A container that manages security, persistence, and other services for Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs).

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RMI

Remote Method Invocation; a technology for calling methods across a network.

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Session Facade

An interface that hides the EJB implementation details, simplifying interaction with business logic.

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Web Container

The container handling web applications, often interacting with EJBs.

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Coarse-Grain Session Bean

A single, large session bean handling much of the business logic. design, less concurrency.

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Entity Bean

Persistent objects managing data access and enabling concurrency.

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Network Overhead

Increased latency and resource consumption caused by network communication.

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Local Interfaces

Interfaces for calling methods on components in the same JVM, improving performance.

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Concurrency with EJBs

The ability of multiple requests to access shared resources concurrently, managed by the container.

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Cross-Cutting Concerns

Concerns like security, persistence, and logging that affect multiple parts of an application.

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