Enterprise Frameworks Overview - Module 4
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Questions and Answers

What does TOGAF primarily focus on?

  • Service management principles
  • Enterprise as a whole
  • Enterprise as a system (correct)
  • Open, vendor-neutral approach

    • Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) applies only to software applications.

    False

    What is the significance of the Service Oriented Architecture?

    Interoperability and service reuse

    TOGAF includes a __________ that provides a structured approach to management and governance.

    <p>Content framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>MDA = Open, vendor-neutral approach to interoperability Zachman = Addresses enterprise as a whole ACF = Organizational processes, skills, roles, responsibilities needed for EA Enterprise Continuum = Architectures developed across a continuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the levels of abstraction in the Model Driven Architecture (MDA)?

    <p>Computation independent, platform independent, platform specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mapping is key in MDA to translate one model to another.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the modular structure of TOGAF allow for?

    <p>Isolation of specific guidelines and incremental adoption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of business-focused architecture descriptions?

    <p>Plain business language and essential information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IT-focused descriptions primarily use informal language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of architecture artifacts mentioned?

    <p>Business-focused and IT-focused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A functional analysis technique examines how a change in one _____ affects others.

    <p>entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT describe the characteristics of landscapes?

    <p>Focus on long-term IT outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each type of architecture artifact with its description:

    <p>Visions = High-level conceptual description with a business perspective Outlines = High-level descriptions of mid-term IT initiatives Designs = Detailed technical descriptions of short-term IT projects Landscapes = High-level technical description of the current IT landscape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do standards play in IT architecture?

    <p>Ensure technical consistency and compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proper use of outlines can lead to improved efficiency in IT investments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of functional aspects of architecture?

    <p>Assessing impact of change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Models in architecture are always required to represent every aspect of an organization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main components represented in performance, reliability, and cost assessments?

    <p>Performance, Reliability, Cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The modeling process includes _____, _____, and _____ activities.

    <p>establishing scope, selecting viewpoints, maintaining model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following modeling activities to their descriptions:

    <p>Establishing scope = Limit the boundaries of the model Selecting viewpoints = Associate a viewpoint with a stakeholder Visualizing the model = Differentiate content from how it's presented Maintaining the model = Adapt the model in response to organizational changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key aspect of the modeling process?

    <p>Creating unambiguous representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analytical analysis is strictly statistical and does not involve higher-level analysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of creating models in architecture?

    <p>To introduce, agree on, and commit to knowledge representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Quantum Computing primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Solve complex problems using quantum mechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) refers to AI that surpasses human intelligence.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic units of a neural network called?

    <p>neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a neural network, the layer that produces the final output is known as the ______.

    <p>Output Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of AI with its description:

    <p>Artificial Narrow AI (ANI) = AI designed for specific tasks Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) = AI with human-like cognitive abilities Reactive machine = AI that reacts based on current input Theory of mind = AI that understands emotions and thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is NOT part of AI?

    <p>Quantum entanglement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuromorphic Computing focuses primarily on cloud-based solutions to process data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one application of predictive AI.

    <p>Financial forecasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are AI parameters primarily used for during the training of machine learning models?

    <p>Making predictions or decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Robotic automation is limited to humanoid robots only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one prominent application of Natural Language Processing.

    <p>Digital assistants or language learning applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___________ is a type of AI technology that focuses on generating images from text descriptions.

    <p>Text-to-image generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following AI technologies with their applications:

    <p>Language models = Natural language understanding Computer vision = Image recognition Music generation = Sound effects and music creation Robotics = Automated physical tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of current AI systems?

    <p>High computational demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AI-generated music varies in quality based on the genre, singer, or mood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company is known for developing humanoid and four-legged robots?

    <p>Boston Dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge in AI regarding hardware?

    <p>Inefficient hardware architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AGI can understand and solve problems in various domains without any manual intervention.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two areas of ethical concern associated with AI.

    <p>Privacy and data confidentiality, job security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deepfakes are primarily a concern for __________.

    <p>public figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following AI impacts with their descriptions:

    <p>Job Security = Concern over job displacement due to AI Deepfakes = Manipulated media posing risks to individuals Military Applications = AI used in military for identification and warfare Privacy = Concerns regarding data confidentiality and security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AI application raises concerns about blurred lines between reality and digital realms?

    <p>Virtual reality headsets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Locally-hosted AI systems pose no challenges for non-technical users.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a proposed metric for evaluating AGI by DeepMind?

    <p>An AGI system's ability to solve problems in various domains without manual intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 4.1 - Frameworks

    • Zachman: Addresses the entire enterprise as a whole, with no methodology or artifacts.
    • TOGAF: Treats the enterprise as a system.
    • MDA: Offers an open, vendor-neutral approach to interoperability, raising the level of abstraction for specifying software solutions.
    • Levels of Abstraction: Computation independent, Platform independent, Platform specific.
    • Computation Independent: Business/domain models and business requirements are independent of workflow.
    • Platform Independent: BPMN and UML models are independent of computing platform engine.
    • Platform Specific: Mapping is a key component, using rules and techniques to translate models.
    • Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): A set of design principles enabling units of functionality to be provided and consumed as services. Applies to both business and software applications. Separates internal and external behavior. Interoperability and service reuse are crucial aspects.

    Module 4.2 - TOGAF

    • Content framework, architecture repository, modular structure, isolation of guidelines, and incremental adoption are all aligned with business vision and drivers.
    • ACF (capability): Organizational processes, skills, roles, responsibilities for EA.
    • Enterprise Continuum: Developmental processes from foundational to industry-specific enterprise architectures, which can be adaptable.
    • ADM (architecture development method): Iterative, considering enterprise coverage, level of detail, time horizon, and architectural assets.
    • Domains: Focus on business - strategy, governance, processes; data - logical/physical assets and data management; application - blueprint, deployment, interactions; technology - IT infrastructure.
    • Implementation governance and architecture change management are necessary. ADM's components are not always sequential, and the biggest difference from SDLC is scope.

    Module 4.3 - CSVLOD

    • Dimension 1: What? Broad rules defining an organization, often in text format, updated periodically. Focus is on planning decisions, helping maintain consistency.
    • Dimension 2: How? Business-focused, typically technology-neutral, using plain business language. IT-focused uses technical language, describing specific IT systems and processes in detail.

    Module 5.1 - Architecture Analysis & Modeling

    • Architecture Analysis and Modeling: Techniques for capturing architecture with abstraction and integration, useful in decision-making and design.
    • Functional Analysis: Assess impact on other entities, validate correctness.
    • Quantitative Analysis: Assess impact of change via optimization. Evaluate alternative designs regarding capacity, reliability, cost.
    • Simulation: Testing of models before deployment.
    • Analytical: Higher analysis compared to quantitative, mostly functional and analytical.
    • Modeling Process: Models represent real-world aspects in an unambiguous, abstract way for EA.
    • Goal-driven: Architects should determine relevant domains for the model.
    • Importance of models: Models communicate to introduce, agree on, and commit to representations. Architecture gains more knowledge from modeling.

    Module 5.2 - Views and Viewpoints

    • Viewpoints: Stakeholder perspectives and the domains they focus on (business, logical, physical).
    • Purpose and Content: Selecting viewpoints based on use-cases, design, decision making, informing, and architecture details.
    • Content of Architecture View: Provide diagrams like UML class diagram, operational managers, business processes, group of IT services, considerations for multi-layers, overview of Zachman domains and CEO views.

    Module 5.3 - Language for Enterprise Modeling

    • Enterprise Modeling Language: Heterogeneous approach to deal with inter-domain relations; model relationships between domains clearly; formal approach with no ambiguity.
    • Service Orientation and Layering - Services as units of functionality, modular, diverse applications, and layered views.
    • Basic architecture layers: Business- offers products, application- supports business layer with services, technology- infrastructural services needed by applications.

    Module 6.1 - Impact of Emerging & Disruptive Technologies

    • Importance of Emerging Technologies: Competitive advantage, external pressure, more efficient operation, challenges with integration.
    • Emerging Technologies: Neuromorphic computing, quantum, AI, robotics.
    • Neuromorphic: Mimicking the human brain in architecture and structure- focused on real-time processing.
    • Quantum: Alternative machine architecture with parallel processing capabilities- focus on exponential speed and solving complex issues.
    • AI and Emerging Trends: AI building on machine intelligence, deep learning, NLP, computer vision, and other significant advancements.

    Module 6.2 - Current Advances in AI and the Need for Organizational Preparedness

    • AI Models: Trained on data to recognize patterns in situations; parameter adjustments are important during training for decision-making.
    • Relevant AI Technologies: Language models (LLMs), computer vision, image generation, music/sound generation, no-code development, scientific application.
    • Natural Language Processing: Learning of languages, personal assistants like ChatGPT, and digital assistants.
    • Small/Large Language Models (LLMs): Billions of parameters, useful for many things, prominent examples like ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, etc.

    (Additional notes found in pages 19, 20, 21):

    • Job Security: AI's impact on specific occupational roles (artists, drivers, etc.).
    • Blurred Realities: Concerning issues like deepfakes and the blurring lines between reality and digital realms.
    • Military Applications: Potential for AI in military applications and concerns about its use.
    • Impacts on EA: Current organization approaches and possible future workforce dynamics.
    • Open-Source Models: Cost-effective, privacy, and confidentiality considerations with open-source technologies, challenges with technical users.
    • Ethical Considerations in AI: Privacy issues, data confidentiality, job security, and other ethical factors.
    • Major Challenges of current state of AI: Limitations on present systems are common; concerns over inefficient hardware, high costs for hardware, energy needs, and sustainability issues; safety concerns.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key enterprise frameworks including Zachman, TOGAF, and MDA. Learn about various abstraction levels and the principles of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that enable interoperability in business and software applications. Test your knowledge of how these frameworks approach enterprise architecture.

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