Entamoeba histolytica Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What classification does Entamoeba histolytica belong to?

Amoebozoa

Which of the following are features of amoebozoa? (Select all that apply)

  • Reproduce by binary fission
  • Blob-like cells (correct)
  • Feed by phagocytosis (correct)
  • Cell walls made of cellulose

What is the motility structure used by Entamoeba histolytica?

Pseudopods

Entamoeba histolytica is considered an obligate parasite.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What parts of the body does Entamoeba histolytica like to infect?

<p>Lumenal intestinal membranes, sometimes intestinal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the infection rates of Entamoeba histolytica in global vs developing countries:

<p>Global infection rate = 10% Developing countries infection rate = 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the transmission methods for Entamoeba histolytica? (Select all that apply)

<p>Fecal-oral (A), Oral-anal sex (B), Ingestive (C), Direct contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be filtered out of drinking water due to Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the colon, Entamoeba histolytica takes its ___ form.

<p>trophozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found in formed vs liquid stools for Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are different pathology paths for Entamoeba histolytica infection? (Select all that apply)

<p>Dysentery (A), Asymptomatic mild (C), Invasive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asymptomatic carriers of Entamoeba histolytica shed millions of cysts per day.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from a dysentery infection of Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Severe bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an invasive infection of Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Dissemination throughout the body, liver abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about immunity against Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Not much out there</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential information for an accurate diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Travel history (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for the intestinal phase of Entamoeba histolytica infection?

<p>Paramomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for the invasive tissue phase of Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parts of the body can Entamoeba histolytica infect through dissemination? (Select all that apply)

<p>Liver (A), Brain (B), Genitals (C), Skin (D), Lungs (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are adhesions of Entamoeba histolytica to infected areas called?

<p>Abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amoebozoa

Classification group that Entamoeba histolytica belongs to.

Pseudopods

Motility via temporary cytoplasm-filled extensions.

Obligate parasite

An organism requiring a host to complete its life cycle.

Fecal-oral transmission

Ingestion of cysts from contaminated sources.

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Cyst (E. histolytica)

Dormant form of E. histolytica; found in formed stool.

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Trophozoite (E. histolytica)

Liquid stool contains this active form of E. histolytica.

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Dysentery (E. histolytica)

Severe bloody diarrhea caused by colonic epithelium invasion.

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Invasive infection (E. histolytica)

Dissemination of E. histolytica throughout the body.

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Liver abscess formation

A common complication of invasive E. histolytica infection in the liver.

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RBCs in trophozoites

Presence of this in stool is crucial for diagnosis of pathogenic strains.

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Travel history

Consider this background for accurate E. histolytica diagnosis.

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Paramomycin

Drug used for intestinal-phase E. histolytica infections.

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Metronidazole

Drug used for invasive tissue-phase E. histolytica infections.

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Adhesions

Process that leads to abscess formation in E. histolytica infections.

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Study Notes

Classification and Characteristics

  • Entamoeba histolytica belongs to the classification group Amobozoa.
  • Characteristics of Amoebozoa include blob-like cells and feeding through phagocytosis.

Motility and Parasitic Nature

  • E. histolytica exhibits motility via pseudopods.
  • Functions as an obligate parasite, requiring a host to live.

Infection Preferences and Rates

  • Primarily infects luminal intestinal membranes, sometimes invading intestinal tissue.
  • Infection rates show 10% globally and up to 50% in developing countries.

Transmission Routes

  • Transmitted through fecal-oral ingestion, direct contact, and anal-oral sexual activities.

Environmental Presence

  • Can contaminate water sources, necessitating filtration for safe drinking water.

Infection Process

  • Infection initiated by ingesting a cyst.
  • In the colon, E. histolytica adopts the trophozoite form.

Stool Analysis

  • Cysts identified in formed stool; trophozoites found in liquid stool.

Pathology Variations

  • Three main pathology pathways: asymptomatic mild, dysentery, and invasive infection.
  • Asymptomatic carriers can shed millions of cysts daily.

Symptoms of Dysentery and Invasive Infection

  • Dysentery results in severe bloody diarrhea due to colonic epithelium invasion.
  • Invasive infections lead to body-wide dissemination, including liver abscess formation.

Immunity and Diagnosis

  • Limited immunity against E. histolytica exists in the population.
  • Diagnosis involves identifying cysts in formed stool, trophozoites in bloody diarrhea, and examination for RBCs in trophozoites from pathogenic strains.
  • Travel history is essential for an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment Options

  • Intestinal-phase infections treated with paramomycin.
  • Invasive tissue-phase infections treated with metronidazole.

Potential Sites of Dissemination

  • Can infect various body parts: brain, lung, liver, skin, and genitalia.

Abscess Formation

  • Adhesions occur in infected areas due to E. histolytica, leading to abscess formation.

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