Entamoeba Histolytica and Giardia Lambalia Overview

Entamoeba Histolytica

• Sarcodina: Amoeba-like movement in the intestines
• Trophozoite: Active feeding stage
  • Nucleus: Single, spherical shape
    • Karyosome: Central, concentrated area of DNA
    • Chromatin: Peripherally located DNA material
  • Cytoplasm: Has a distinct structure
    • Ectoplasm: Clear outer layer
    • Endoplasm: Granular inner layer
  • Pseudopodia: Extensions for movement
  • Food Vacuoles: Ingest red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and tissues

Entamoeba Histolytica Cyst

• Infective Stage: Responsible for amebic dysentery (severe diarrhoea)
• Morphology: 4 nuclei (quatri nucleated cyst)
  • Cytoplasm: Contains a chromatid bar (a dark structure) and glycogen (stored energy)
  • Refractile membrane: Rounded structure acting as a protective layer

Giardia Lambalia

• Trophozoite: Responsible for diarrhoea
  • Morphology: Pear-shaped with 4 pairs of flagella (hair-like structures for movement)
• Binucleated: Has two nuclei
  • Flagella: 2 anterior, 2 posterior, 2 ventral, and 2 caudal
  • Adhesive disc: Anterior structures, unknown function
  • Median bodies: Unknown function

Trypanosoma Brucei

• Sleeping Sickness: A fatal disease affecting the nervous system
• Morphology: Elongated and tapered shape
  • Cell membrane (Pellicle): Protective outer layer
  • Kinetoplast: Compact mitochondrial DNA structure
  • Flagella: One attached flagella
  • Basal body: Anchoring point for the flagella, forms an undulating membrane
  • Free flagella: Protrudes from the cell

Plasmodium Malaríae

• Ring shape: Typical stage in red blood cells, visible under microscope
  • Cytoplasm: Outer layer of the parasite cell
  • Chromatin: Dense area of DNA
  • Band: A darker ring around the cell
• 3 forms
  • Amoid: Amoeba-like stage
  • Gametocytes: Sexual stage of the parasite

This quiz covers the key features of Entamoeba Histolytica and Giardia Lambalia, focusing on their morphology and life stages. Explore the characteristics of trophozoites, cysts, and the implications for human health. Ideal for students studying microbiology or parasitology.