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What fundamental shift did Enlightenment thinkers promote?
What fundamental shift did Enlightenment thinkers promote?
Which concept became less pervasive during the Enlightenment?
Which concept became less pervasive during the Enlightenment?
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'isms' that arose during the Enlightenment?
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'isms' that arose during the Enlightenment?
The clash of new ideas and old political structures during the Enlightenment led to which of the following outcomes?
The clash of new ideas and old political structures during the Enlightenment led to which of the following outcomes?
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Which Enlightenment thinker emphasized empirical methods of scientific inquiry?
Which Enlightenment thinker emphasized empirical methods of scientific inquiry?
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Which ideology emerged as a challenge to the existing social structures during the Enlightenment?
Which ideology emerged as a challenge to the existing social structures during the Enlightenment?
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Which of the following resulted from applying reason to understanding natural laws during the Enlightenment?
Which of the following resulted from applying reason to understanding natural laws during the Enlightenment?
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During the Enlightenment, what was a key idea regarding governance and representation?
During the Enlightenment, what was a key idea regarding governance and representation?
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Which of the following individuals is known for advocating the construction of the Suez Canal?
Which of the following individuals is known for advocating the construction of the Suez Canal?
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What principle did Robert Owen emphasize in his intentional communities?
What principle did Robert Owen emphasize in his intentional communities?
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What movement did the Fabians promote in England?
What movement did the Fabians promote in England?
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Which economic theory is associated with lower government intervention in markets?
Which economic theory is associated with lower government intervention in markets?
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Which of the following was NOT a characteristic commonly associated with utopian socialism?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic commonly associated with utopian socialism?
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Which key historical event was supported by classical liberals in the 19th century?
Which key historical event was supported by classical liberals in the 19th century?
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How did Charles Fourier believe work could be made more enjoyable?
How did Charles Fourier believe work could be made more enjoyable?
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Which of the following figures was a prominent member of the Fabian Society?
Which of the following figures was a prominent member of the Fabian Society?
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What concept did Rousseau expand on in his writings?
What concept did Rousseau expand on in his writings?
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Which of the following best describes Adam Smith's concept of 'laissez-faire'?
Which of the following best describes Adam Smith's concept of 'laissez-faire'?
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Voltaire's ideas about which of the following had an influence on the U.S. Constitution?
Voltaire's ideas about which of the following had an influence on the U.S. Constitution?
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In which of his works did Rousseau discuss child-rearing and education?
In which of his works did Rousseau discuss child-rearing and education?
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What was a key characteristic of Deism during the Enlightenment?
What was a key characteristic of Deism during the Enlightenment?
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Adam Smith's assertion that the 'invisible hand' guides market choices implies what?
Adam Smith's assertion that the 'invisible hand' guides market choices implies what?
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What was Voltaire's primary campaign focus when he returned to France?
What was Voltaire's primary campaign focus when he returned to France?
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Which thinker is known for writing The Wealth of Nations?
Which thinker is known for writing The Wealth of Nations?
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What was a key belief of Deists regarding the understanding of natural laws?
What was a key belief of Deists regarding the understanding of natural laws?
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Which work by Thomas Paine defended the principles of Deism?
Which work by Thomas Paine defended the principles of Deism?
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What was a common characteristic of Renaissance Humanism?
What was a common characteristic of Renaissance Humanism?
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What did Enlightenment thinkers attribute as a consequence of urbanization and industrialization?
What did Enlightenment thinkers attribute as a consequence of urbanization and industrialization?
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What was one of the goals of Francis Bacon as a representative thinker of the Enlightenment?
What was one of the goals of Francis Bacon as a representative thinker of the Enlightenment?
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How did conservatives view the issues faced by the poor during industrialization?
How did conservatives view the issues faced by the poor during industrialization?
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Which of the following thinkers is associated with the Scientific Revolution and believed in natural rights?
Which of the following thinkers is associated with the Scientific Revolution and believed in natural rights?
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What was a characteristic of Medieval Scholasticism as represented by St. Thomas Aquinas?
What was a characteristic of Medieval Scholasticism as represented by St. Thomas Aquinas?
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Who was the French writer that published a declaration advocating for women's rights during the French Revolution?
Who was the French writer that published a declaration advocating for women's rights during the French Revolution?
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What was a central argument made by Mary Wollstonecraft in A Vindication of the Rights of Women?
What was a central argument made by Mary Wollstonecraft in A Vindication of the Rights of Women?
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Which document did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton present at the Seneca Falls Convention?
Which document did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton present at the Seneca Falls Convention?
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When did women in the United Kingdom gain the full right to vote?
When did women in the United Kingdom gain the full right to vote?
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What was the first country to ban the slave trade?
What was the first country to ban the slave trade?
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Which statement about abolitionism is true?
Which statement about abolitionism is true?
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What was a significant outcome after the slave trade was banned in most countries?
What was a significant outcome after the slave trade was banned in most countries?
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When did Brazil end slavery, making it the last country in the Americas to do so?
When did Brazil end slavery, making it the last country in the Americas to do so?
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What significant action did Queen Elizabeth I take regarding serfdom in 1574?
What significant action did Queen Elizabeth I take regarding serfdom in 1574?
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What event in France highlighted widespread anti-Semitism and influenced the support for Zionism?
What event in France highlighted widespread anti-Semitism and influenced the support for Zionism?
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Which leader is primarily associated with the founding of the modern Zionist movement?
Which leader is primarily associated with the founding of the modern Zionist movement?
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What year did Alexander II of Russia abolish serfdom?
What year did Alexander II of Russia abolish serfdom?
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Which empire controlled the land that Zionists desired for their independent homeland?
Which empire controlled the land that Zionists desired for their independent homeland?
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What was the largest single emancipation of people in bondage in human history?
What was the largest single emancipation of people in bondage in human history?
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In what year was Zionism significantly influenced by the Dreyfus Affair?
In what year was Zionism significantly influenced by the Dreyfus Affair?
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What was a key motivation for Jews to pursue the Zionist movement?
What was a key motivation for Jews to pursue the Zionist movement?
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Study Notes
The Enlightenment
- Emphasized reason over tradition and individualism over community
- Intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries challenged existing power structures
- Enlightenment ideals of individualism, freedom, and self-determination influenced revolutions
- Ideas challenged the roles of monarchs and church leaders
- Led to revolutions in the United States, France, and other regions
An Age of New Ideas
- Optimistic outlook, believing reason and natural laws would lead to progress
- Enlightenment thinkers emphasized human accomplishments and understanding the natural world
- Natural laws were believed to govern social and political spheres
- Traditional religion became less pervasive, although it did not disappear entirely
- New social theories emerged, including socialism, liberalism, and conservatism
New Ideas and their Roots
- Francis Bacon: Emphasized empirical methods of scientific inquiry (knowledge from experience)
- Thomas Hobbes: Believed the natural state of humanity was bleak ("nasty, brutish, and short") and people entered into a social contract to gain law and order.
- John Locke: Proposed natural rights to life, liberty, and property and argued for the right of citizens to revolt against unjust government, advocating a social contract.
The Philosophes
- 18th-century thinkers who explored social, political, and economic theories
- Popularized concepts of the 17th-century scientific thinkers
- Influential figures included Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith, and French thinkers
- Baron Montesquieu: His ideas on the separation of powers influenced American government
- Voltaire: Important advocate for social and religious liberty
- Rousseau: Expanded on the social contract theory, emphasizing the General Will and societal improvement
Adam Smith
- Influential thinker of the Enlightenment
- Advocated laissez-faire economics (hands-off government intervention in the economy)
- Believed the "invisible hand" of the market would guide economic decisions to benefit society
Deism
- Belief system that emphasized reason and natural laws, viewing divinity as a creator, but not directly involved in the world.
European Intellectual Life (1250-1789)
- Summarized key thinkers and intellectual movements across different historical periods.
The Age of New Ideas Continues
- Enlightenment thinkers reacted to social problems of urbanization and industrialization
- Utopian socialism emerged as alternative economic and political systems
Feminism
- Women's rights movement gained momentum, influenced by Enlightenment ideas
- Key figures like Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for women's education and equal rights.
Abolitionism
- Movements to end the slave trade and slavery gained support
- Movement emphasized the ideas of human equality and rights.
The End of Serfdom
- Serfdom was abolished in various European countries, related to economic and societal changes
Zionism
- Movement to establish a Jewish homeland in the Middle East
- Faced obstacles due to existing populations and political complexities
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Description
Explore the fundamental shifts in thought during the Enlightenment period with this quiz. Test your knowledge on key concepts, influential thinkers, and the impact of these ideas on political and social structures. Discover the ideologies that shaped modern governance and economics.
