Questions and Answers
Which of the following were part of the Enlightenment Ideals?
Who was the first Enlightened Monarch?
Maria Theresa
What major conflict was associated with Austria?
War of Austrian Succession
What was Frederick William II known for?
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Who is associated with caring about inalienable rights of people?
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What were the three prides of Prussia?
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What title did Frederick the Great hold?
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Who ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917?
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What was Ivan the Terrible known for?
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What significant action did Peter the Great take during his reign?
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What joint operation did Catherine the Great undertake?
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Study Notes
Enlightenment Ideals
- Encouraged religious toleration and industrial growth.
- Promoted local governments and established strong military forces.
Austria
- Hapsburg dynasty controlled Austria.
- Key conflict: War of Austrian Succession involving Charles IV.
Maria Theresa
- First enlightened monarch of Austria.
- Successfully defended against Prussia, expanding the military significantly.
Frederick William II
- Expanded the Prussian army from 450,000 to 800,000, utilizing 80% of the treasury.
- Established Prussia as the fourth largest military power in European history and repaid state debts.
Joseph II
- Focused on the inalienable rights of citizens.
- Balanced decisive governance with attention to the people's welfare.
Frederick William
- Known as the Great Elector, a significant King of Prussia.
Prussia
- Renowned for its emphasis on education, military strength, and governmental efficiency.
Frederick I
- Son of the Great Elector; perceived as weak and physically disabled.
- Still managed to gain public affection and continued military expansion.
Frederick the Great (II)
- Called himself the "first servant of the state", exemplifying enlightened absolutism.
- Engaged in the War of Austrian Succession and accepted a constitution that constrained his power.
Russia
- Ruled by the Romanov family from 1613 to 1917.
Ivan the Great (III)
- Declared Moscow as the "third Rome".
- Ended Mongol domination over Russia.
Ivan the Terrible (IV)
- Known for westernizing Russia.
- Ruled over Muscovy and conquered Mongol territories.
Peter the Great
- Reigned from 1682 to 1725; notorious for cruel treatment of servants and family.
- Entered a power struggle at the age of four following his father's death.
- Modernized Russia through exposure to Western practices, established a navy, and renamed St. Petersburg to Leningrad.
Catherine the Great (II)
- Continued the trend of westernization in Russia.
- Engaged in the partitions of Poland alongside Joseph II and Frederick the Great.
- Instituted state education and maintained strict control over the Russian Orthodox Church.
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Test your knowledge of Enlightened Monarchs with these flashcards. Explore key figures, events, and ideals that shaped this important era in European history. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning about influential leaders like Maria Theresa and Frederick William II.
