ENIAC Quiz: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which technology replaced vacuum tubes in computers?

Transistors (correct)

ALU

Control unit

Punched-card processing equipment

What was the main memory storing programs and data in the ENIAC?

Control unit

Stored Program concept (correct)

Trajectory tables

ALU

Which organization did the UNIVAC I become a part of in the late 1950s?

University of Pennsylvania

Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies

US Bureau of Census (correct)

Bell Labs

When was the UNIVAC I completed and put into use?

1947 Signup and view all the answers

Who invented transistors as a replacement for vacuum tubes?

William Shockley Signup and view all the answers

What does Moore's Law state regarding the number of transistors on a chip?

The number of transistors on a chip will double every year Signup and view all the answers

Which year was the first microprocessor, Intel 4004, introduced?

1971 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of small scale integration in the development of computers?

Up to 100 devices can be integrated on a chip Signup and view all the answers

What was the main advantage of using semiconductor memory over core memory?

Semiconductor memory had non-destructive read capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which computer is known as the first minicomputer?

DEC PDP-8 Signup and view all the answers

What was the power consumption of ENIAC?

140 kW Signup and view all the answers

How many accumulators of 10 digits were there in ENIAC?

20 Signup and view all the answers

Which organization utilized UNIVAC I for census calculations?

US Bureau of Census Signup and view all the answers

When was the UNIVAC II completed and put into use?

Late 1950s Signup and view all the answers

What type of device replaced vacuum tubes in computers?

Transistors Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the IBM 7000 series of computers?

It was the first planned 'family' of computers with similar or identical instruction sets and operating systems. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main advancement introduced by the Intel 8008 microprocessor in 1972?

Integration of all CPU components onto a single chip for the first time. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the slower growth in memory speed compared to processor speed, as mentioned in the text?

Memory speed lagged behind due to advancements in performance balancing techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key feature of the DEC PDP-1 that distinguished it as a significant innovation?

It utilized a multiplexed switch structure for increased I/O ports and memory size. Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement marked a significant shift from large scale to very large scale integration in chip manufacturing?

Increase in the density of components on a chip, leading to shorter electrical paths and higher performance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Replacing Vacuum Tubes

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computers, invented by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley as a replacement.

ENIAC

The main memory in ENIAC stored programs and data using patch cords and switches.
ENIAC had a power consumption of 150 kW.
There were 20 accumulators of 10 digits in ENIAC.

UNIVAC I

UNIVAC I was completed and put into use in 1951.
The United States Census Bureau utilized UNIVAC I for census calculations.
UNIVAC I became a part of the Remington Rand organization in the late 1950s.
UNIVAC II was completed and put into use in 1958.

Microprocessors

The first microprocessor, Intel 4004, was introduced in 1971.
The Intel 8008 microprocessor introduced the main advancement of 8-bit processing in 1972.

Memory and Integration

Small scale integration (SSI) was significant in the development of computers as it allowed for more transistors on a chip.
Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every two years.
Semiconductor memory had the main advantage of being faster and more reliable than core memory.
The key feature of the DEC PDP-1 was its interactive, real-time capabilities, distinguishing it as a significant innovation.
The shift from large scale integration (LSI) to very large scale integration (VLSI) marked a significant technological advancement in chip manufacturing.

Computers

The IBM 7000 series of computers was significant for its use of transistors.
The DEC PDP-8 is known as the first minicomputer.
The primary reason for the slower growth in memory speed compared to processor speed was the more complex manufacturing process required for memory chips.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the background and details of the ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. Learn about its history, specifications, and usage during the mid-20th century.