Enhancement Review Questions - English Major
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Questions and Answers

Which component of communicative competence is highlighted when a teacher adapts his instructions based on students' confusion?

  • Sociolinguistic Competence (correct)
  • Discourse Competence
  • Strategic Competence
  • Linguistic Competence

    • What does the prefix ‘ultra’ typically indicate?

  • size
  • degree (correct)
  • negation
  • number

    • In the sentence "The dog gave me the ball," what is the syntactic pattern represented?

  • Subject → verb → direct object → adverbial complement
  • Subject → verb → direct object → object complement
  • Subject → verb → indirect object → direct object (correct)
  • Subject → verb → adverbial complement

    • Which of the following sentences contains a complex sentence structure?

    <p>Having been rejected many times, I decided to stop trying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of Jakobson’s model of communication focuses specifically on the receiver?

    <p>Conative - Receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best illustrates the use of extensive verbs?

    <p>At 10:00pm, Jenny vanished into thin air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of phraseology?

    <p>A set of familiar words within a person’s language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'syntax' refer to?

    <p>The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis focuses on the language learners’ motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety in second language learning?

    <p>Affective Filter Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a syllabus emphasizes language as a structure composed of sounds, words, and sentences, what would it likely focus on?

    <p>Building blocks of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an EXCEPTION among metacognitive strategies for language learners?

    <p>Engaging in fewer conversations with native speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method involves using gesture, mime, visual aids, and wall charts in language learning?

    <p>Total physical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    BICS refers to skills needed for everyday social interactions; what does CALP refer to?

    <p>Skills used in the classroom for academic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of phrase is enclosed in brackets in the sentence: 'The faculty likes to drop by the small chapel [adjacent to the clinic]'?

    <p>Adjective phrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the use of audiolingual techniques to enhance language learning?

    <p>Audiolingual method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis indicates that language acquisition can be successfully influenced by the quality of input a learner receives?

    <p>Input Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the cost of the new personal computer?

    <p>He paid almost thirty thousand pesos for his new personal computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gerund in the sentence, 'Many students do not like reading'?

    <p>Direct Object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence, 'I didn’t say he stole the money', which word is stressed to imply alternative meanings?

    <p>I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many morphemes are present in the word 'crocodile'?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentence is grammatically correct in English?

    <p>Maria cleaned the table up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example correctly depicts a present unreal conditional statement?

    <p>If he were taller, he would be a basketball player.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of vowels?

    <p>They are essential for syllable formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentence illustrates an acceptable adjective phrase?

    <p>Having finished the homework, Matt turned on the television.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the study of illocutionary acts belong to?

    <p>Pragmatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sentences is a simple sentence?

    <p>I accomplished submitting my project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept in referential semantics explains the word 'she' in the sentence Mary thinks that she is the only girl who can sing the song?

    <p>Anaphora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the pronunciation of the word 'take' from the words 'fake', 'vase', and 'thank'?

    <p>All three expressions have initial fricative segment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the zone of proximal development?

    <p>The range of tasks that a learner can perform with help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which four major theories of language acquisition might you explore?

    <p>Behaviorism, cognitivism, nativism, interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following linguists would you consult for more information on major theories of language acquisition?

    <p>Dell Hymes, Michael Halliday, Joseph Greenberg, Noam Chomsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a morpheme in the word 'surveil'?

    <p>It is a root morpheme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of Universal Grammar suggest about children?

    <p>The child acquires Universal Grammar regardless of their native language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis, increased levels of which of the following affective filters relate to lower anxiety and higher self-confidence?

    <p>Affective filters, anxiety, self-confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about language learners is supported by the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky?

    <p>Social interactions play a key role in knowledge construction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of morpheme is commonly involved in the affixation process in words like 'posted', 'pictures', and 'fastest'?

    <p>Inflectional morpheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the statement 'There are unlimited limits in this institution,' which poetic device is employed?

    <p>Oxymoron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary role of affective filters in language acquisition?

    <p>They block or facilitate learning based on emotional factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes that certain features of grammar are acquired regardless of a learner's native language?

    <p>Universal Grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be low for second language learners to be classified as having an increased level of self-confidence?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sentence expresses a command or request?

    <p>Imperative sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an antonym of the word 'dead'?

    <p>Vitalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which authors would be relevant for understanding genre analysis in linguistics?

    <p>Michael Hoey, Winifred Crombie, John Swales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What place of articulation is used for the initial sound in 'terrible'?

    <p>Alveolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept developments in linguistics mentioned include all EXCEPT which of the following?

    <p>Syllable structure and intonation patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which authors are associated with the study of pedagogical grammar?

    <p>Geoffrey Leech, Terence Odlin, and Celce-Murcia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is NOT a technical term in linguistic studies?

    <p>Metaphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of sentence is characterized by expressing strong emotion?

    <p>Exclamative sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enhancement Review Questions - English Major

    • Transcriptions:
      • /tarp/ represents the word "tap"
      • /ðız/ represents the word "these"
    • Stress:
      • The word "ceremony" is stressed on the second syllable.
    • Semantic Similarity:
      • Sentences with different meanings should be identified from options that are semantically similar.
    • Word Stress:
      • The stressed word depends on the context, meaning that the speaker's intent.
    • Morphemes:
      • The word "crocodile" has three morphemes.
    • Acceptable English Sentences:
      • Select sentences that conform to grammatical rules and usage.
    • Vowel Characteristics:
      • Vowels are characterized by the vibration of vocal cords and the obstruction in the vocal tract.
    • Simple Sentences:
      • Sentences with one independent clause. Example: "I submitted my project."
    • Sentence Types:
      • A simple sentence is a sentence with one independent clause.
      • Complex sentences have one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
    • Minimal Pairs:
      • Minimal pairs are words that differ by only one phoneme
      • Example: "fair-fare", "grace-graze", "pear-pair", "wise-nice"
    • Conversational Maxims:
      • Maxim of quality (truthfulness)
      • Maxim of quantity (enough information)
      • Maxim of relation (relevance)
      • Maxim of manner (clarity, conciseness)
    • Gerunds:
      • Gerunds in the sentence "Many students do not like reading" act as the object of the verb "like".
    • Adjective Phrases:
      • Adjective phrases modify nouns, e.g., "the students in the classroom"
    • Conditional Statements:
      • The "present unreal conditional" refers to situations that are contrary to the present fact.
    • Linguistics Subfields:
      • Pragmatics focuses on illocutionary acts
    • Language Acquisition Theories:
      • Behaviorism, cognitivism, nativism, and interactionism.
    • Zone of Proximal Development:
      • Interactions between skilled helpers and developing minds (children)
    • Linguistics Branches:
      • Clinical Linguistics
      • Etymology
      • Style/Linguistic Stylistics
    • Syntactic Structures:
      • Direct object, indirect object. For example: "The dog gave me the ball." The dog is the subject, gave the verb, me the indirect object and the ball is the direct object
    • Conditonal Sentences:
      • Zero conditional: both clauses are present simple form (e.g., "If it rains, the ground gets wet")
      • First conditional: if clause is present simple, main clause uses future tense (e.g., "If I study, I will pass the test)
      • Second conditional: if clause is past simple, main clause uses conditional form, "would" (e.g., "If I had money, I would buy a car")
      • Third conditional: if clause is past perfect, main clause uses conditional perfect, "would have" (e.g., "If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test")
    • Language Learning Theories:
      • Stephen Krashen's comprehensible input hypothesis.
    • Language Theories:
      • Jakobson's model of communication stresses the communicative process components including sender, receiver, message and context
    • Referential Semantics:
      • Deixis, anaphora, coreference, and prototype
    • Phonology:
      • Pronunciation patterns, and comparison using IPA
    • Language Teaching Methots:
      • Grammar-translation method, Direct approach, Total Physical Response, Suggestopedia
    • Language Features:
      • Arbitrariness of language (no inherent relationship between sound and meaning)
      • Rapid fading characteristics (speech is fleeting)
    • Poetic Devices:
      • Hyponymy (e.g. pasta, spaghetti)
      • Anaphora (repetition of words or phrases for emphasis)
      • Epiphora (repetition of words or phrases at the end of clauses)
      • Alliteration (repetition of consonant sounds)
      • Assonance (repetition of vowel sounds).
    • Grammatical Structures:
      • Simple and Complex sentences.
      • Phrase structure (noun phrases, prepositional phrases)
    • Sentence Fragments:
      • Incomplete grammatical units. Example: "Quit it", "She shone", etc.
    • Semantic Analysis:
      • Meaning of words or word combinations – Lexical ambiguity.
    • Language Acquisition:
      • BICS (basic interpersonal communication skills) and CALP (cognitive academic language proficiency)
    • Metacognitive Strategies:
      • Planning, monitoring, and evaluating language learning activities.

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    Enhancement Review Questions for Majors PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various aspects of English language study, including transcription, word stress, morphemes, and sentence types. It aims to evaluate your understanding of phonetics, semantics, and grammatical structures in English. Test your skills in identifying acceptable sentences and recognizing stress patterns.

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