English Study Notes: Comparison & Word Formation
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Questions and Answers

What are the three degrees of adjectives?

Positive, comparative, superlative

What does the word 'comparative' refer to in the degrees of adjectives?

Comparing two things.

What do we need to compare two things?

More than 2 things

The superlative degree compares ______ things.

<p>more than two</p> Signup and view all the answers

In English, we often add the suffix 'er' to form the comparative degree and 'est' for the superlative degree.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In English, how do we form the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives that have a long root word?

<p>Add 'more' and 'most' before the adjective. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of adding a letter, deleting a letter, and adding and deleting letters in English spelling?

<p>To create a clear distinction between similar-sounding words. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common function of homophones?

<p>Same sound but two different meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some homophones are related to the 'same' spelling.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Positive Degree

Describes a thing without comparison.

Comparative Degree

Compares two things, showing difference.

Superlative Degree

Compares more than two things, showing the highest degree.

Forming Comparative

Add '-er' to one-syllable adjectives for comparison.

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Forming Superlative

Add '-est' to one-syllable adjectives for the highest comparison.

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Two-syllable words

Rules vary: some change -y; some double consonants.

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-y to -i rule

Change -y to -i and add -er or -est for some two-syllable words.

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Doubling consonants rule

Double the consonant if it's not followed by a vowel for two-syllable words.

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Words ending in consonant + le

Double the last consonant and add -er/-est.

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Double vowels rule

For some words, double the second vowel and add -er/-est.

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Words ending in -ow

For these words, just add -er/-est.

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Homonyms

Words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings.

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Homophones

Words that sound the same but differ in spelling and meaning.

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Example of Homonym

Bark, as in a tree or a dog’s sound.

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Example of Homophone

Two, too, and their—all are pronounced the same.

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Adjective

Word describing a noun, can be in positive, comparative, or superlative form.

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One-syllable adjectives

Adjectives that form comparative and superlative by adding -er/-est.

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Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y

Change the -y to -i before adding -er/-est.

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Adjective comparison

The process of determining the comparison of qualities in different entities.

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Degrees of Comparison

Three forms of adjectives: positive, comparative, superlative.

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Study Notes

English Study Notes: Degrees of Comparison

  • Positive Degree: The base form of an adjective, describes a quality without comparison. Example: "happy"

  • Comparative Degree: Used to compare two things, add "-er" or use "more" before the adjective. Example: "happier," "more happy"

  • Superlative Degree: Compares three or more things, add "-est" or use "most" before the adjective. Example: "happiest," "most happy"

Word Formation - Adding Suffixes

  • Words ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel often double the final consonant before adding suffixes like "-er" or "-est". Example: "flat/flatter/flattest"
  • Some words have irregular forms for comparison e.g. good/better/best, bad/worse/worst

Homophones and Homonyms

  • Homophones: Words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings. Example: "to," "two," "too."
  • Homonyms: Words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings. Example: "bark (of a tree)" and "bark (of a dog)"

Spelling Rules

  • Some words that have two or more syllables will have doubled letters when adding suffixes such as -er or -est.
  • Notice the doubling of "pp" in "happier."
  • Pay attention how words end; double consonants.
  • Words ending in "-y"—change -y to -i if adding "-er" or "-est." Example: "happy/happier/happiest"
  • Be aware of the sound of the letters
  • words that have one syllable and only end with one consonant/ one vowel

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Description

Explore the essential rules of degrees of comparison, including positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives. This quiz also covers methods of word formation, particularly the use of suffixes and the distinctions between homophones and homonyms. Test your understanding of these vital English language concepts!

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