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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic was NOT a key component of the success of the club structure in 18th and 19th century England?
Which characteristic was NOT a key component of the success of the club structure in 18th and 19th century England?
- The perception of fairness in its operations.
- Loyal support from its members.
- Effective management by volunteers.
- Strong financial backing from aristocratic members. (correct)
What was a significant change that occurred within English sports clubs during the 19th century?
What was a significant change that occurred within English sports clubs during the 19th century?
- A focus on catering exclusively to the lower social classes.
- The standardization of rules and dispute resolution mechanisms. (correct)
- A shift towards prioritizing entertainment over competition.
- The abolishment of membership fees for club participants.
How did William Hulbert believe baseball teams could achieve stability and profitability?
How did William Hulbert believe baseball teams could achieve stability and profitability?
- By equally distributing the most talented players among all teams.
- By relying on volunteer management to cut costs.
- By being owned and operated as businesses. (correct)
- By focusing on attracting aristocratic sponsorships.
What critical realization did William Hulbert come to regarding the operation of the National League?
What critical realization did William Hulbert come to regarding the operation of the National League?
Which of the following best describes the transformation the National League brought to baseball management?
Which of the following best describes the transformation the National League brought to baseball management?
What measure did the National League take to uphold the integrity of baseball?
What measure did the National League take to uphold the integrity of baseball?
How did the National League respond to teams discontinuing play when losing money?
How did the National League respond to teams discontinuing play when losing money?
What broader impact did the construction of steel and concrete stadiums have on baseball in the 1920s?
What broader impact did the construction of steel and concrete stadiums have on baseball in the 1920s?
Which factor is most crucial to the financial viability of the National League's sports system?
Which factor is most crucial to the financial viability of the National League's sports system?
Where and when did the formal academic study of sports management originate?
Where and when did the formal academic study of sports management originate?
Flashcards
English club system in the 18th century
English club system in the 18th century
Aristocrats developed sports clubs to provide sporting activities; membership was limited to the politically and economically powerful.
Club structure
Club structure
Highly successful way to organize sport in the 18th and 19th century in England.
Success of club structure depended on
Success of club structure depended on
Fairness, loyal support, and volunteer management.
Obstacles to the club system
Obstacles to the club system
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What was the National League?
What was the National League?
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What did Hulbert realize?
What did Hulbert realize?
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Rules in the National League
Rules in the National League
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National League in the 1920s
National League in the 1920s
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Birthplace of sports management
Birthplace of sports management
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What is COSMA?
What is COSMA?
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Study Notes
- The English class system sport and community was dated in the 18th and 19th centuries.
- In the 18th century, the English club system saw aristocratic development of sports clubs to provide sporting activities, with membership limited to the politically and economically powerful.
- In the 19th century, English clubs began to standardize rules and settle disputes, as seen in thoroughbred racing, one of the first sports transformed by the club management system.
- The Jockey Club emerged as a regulatory body and management center for sports like thoroughbred racing (horse racing).
- The club structure was a successful way to organize sport in 18th and 19th century England, depending on fairness, loyal support, and volunteer management.
- Today's clubs still commit to serving their broad membership, not just managing an elite sport enterprise, based upon this club structure.
- The American League system included the growth of sport into a business.
- Obstacles to the club system included the country's lack of aristocratic tradition, which emphasized sports to attract broader membership, and the failure of the Jockey Club.
- Harness racing saw a leak structure grow in the 1830s and 40s, with a person in a scully wheel steering the horse.
- The National League was a profit-oriented baseball league created by William Hulbert.
- The National Association became the National League.
- William Hulbert stated that baseball teams would be stable and profitable if they were owned and run like businesses.
- Hulbert realized that authority needed to rest with the league, not with the teams.
- The National League revamped baseball management to focus on a league structure and enforced team allegiance to avoid teams quitting when losing money (e.g., the red stocking team).
- The Los Angeles Dodgers were the 1988 baseball World Series champions.
- The National League maintained baseball integrity by prohibiting betting at ballparks due to gambling concerns, with the league suspect as long as it was commonplace.
- It created a market for baseball.
- The National League needed new ways to attract spectators to regular, not just rival, games.
- It created the pennant race, institutionalized rules for talent distribution between teams, and required NL teams to share gate revenue with visitors.
- The pennant race occurs in the final weeks of the regular season when teams compete for the best record.
- NL stands for National League.
- In the 1920s, National League owners built steel and concrete stadiums replacing wooden parks, symbolizing the permanence of community in baseball.
- The National League sports system relies on the relationship between corporate sponsorship and sport.
- Tournament sports with roots in the English club system include tennis and golf.
- Early professional golfers were European men brought to the U.S. by country clubs for exhibitions and clinics.
- Fred Corcoran was the architect of the professional golf tournament and used celebrities to market the event as entertainment.
- Ohio University is the birthplace of sports management, introducing its concept curriculum in 1966 as the first university to do it.
- COSMA is the commission of sports management accreditation, which accredits sports management programs.
- James Madison and Walter O'Malley are credited with the birthplace of sports management.
- Dr. Mason is an important sports executive.
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