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Questions and Answers
What type of clause is introduced by a relative pronoun?
What type of clause is introduced by a relative pronoun?
After which of the following verbs is the infinitive with 'to' used?
After which of the following verbs is the infinitive with 'to' used?
What is the purpose of the infinitive without 'to'?
What is the purpose of the infinitive without 'to'?
Which of the following adjectives is often followed by the infinitive with 'to'?
Which of the following adjectives is often followed by the infinitive with 'to'?
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What is the function of a relative clause?
What is the function of a relative clause?
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Which of the following is an example of the infinitive with 'to'?
Which of the following is an example of the infinitive with 'to'?
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After which of the following verbs is the infinitive without 'to' used?
After which of the following verbs is the infinitive without 'to' used?
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What is the purpose of using where, when, and why in relative clauses?
What is the purpose of using where, when, and why in relative clauses?
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Which of the following sentences is an example of a relative clause?
Which of the following sentences is an example of a relative clause?
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What is the purpose of using the infinitive with 'to' after certain adjectives?
What is the purpose of using the infinitive with 'to' after certain adjectives?
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Study Notes
English Skills 1
Greetings and Introduction
- Ways to express gratitude:
- Thank you (a lot/very much/so much)
- Thanks (a lot/very much/so much)
- Many thanks
- That's very kind of you
- I'd like to thank you
- Thanks a bunch
- Cheers
- You've saved my life
- I'm really grateful/I'm very appreciative/I really appreciate
- Replies to thanks:
- You're welcome
- Come again
- Don't mention it
- It's my pleasure/The pleasure's mine
- Not at all
- No problem
- Any time
- It's ok
Language Functions
Inviting and Offering
- Ways to invite someone:
- Will you come and share?
- Would you like to join us for dinner?
- Please, come and we share
- Ways to offer something informally:
- Do you want a cup of tea?
- Fancy a cup of tea?
- Just for you
- Ways to offer something formally:
- Would you like a cup of tea?
- Would you care for a cup of tea?
- Would you mind a cup of tea?
- May I get you a cup of tea?
- Replies to accept/refuse an offer informally:
- Yes, please/No, thanks
- Yes, why not/No, not at the moment
- Thanks
- Replies to accept/refuse an offer formally:
- Yes, that would be lovely/No, I'm alright
Unit 6: Plural of Nouns
- Rules regulating plural of nouns:
- Generally formed by adding –s to the singular
- Nouns ending in –s, -ss, -sh, -ch, or –x form their plural by adding –es to the singular
- Most verbs ending in –o also form the plural by adding –es to the singular
- Nouns ending in –y preceded by a consonant form their plural by changing –y into –i and adding –es
- Nouns ending in –f or –fe form their plural by changing –f or –fe into –v and adding –es
- A few nouns form their plural by changing the inside vowel of the singular
- Some nouns have the same form in both singular and plural
- Some nouns are used only in the plural
- Some nouns look plural but are in fact singular
- Abstract nouns have no plural
- Collective nouns can be added to abstract nouns
- In compound nouns, the plural of the singular is put on the most important word
Tenses
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- To indicate an action that began in the past and is still in progress
- To indicate an action that was in progress in the past and has just finished
Past Simple
- To indicate an action completed at a particular time in the past
- Often occurs with adverbs or adverb phrases of past time (e.g. yesterday, last week, last month, a week ago, …)
- To indicate an action in the past (which occurred during a period of time)
Past Continuous Tense
- For action was in progress at a certain time in the past
- For two actions in progress at the same time in the past
- For an action in progress when another past action began
Past Perfect Tense
- Mainly used to indicate an action in the past which had happened before another action in the past
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Mainly used to say how long something had been happening before something else happened
Future Tense
Simple Future Tense
- With if-clauses to indicate an action that is likely to happen
- To talk about things that we cannot control
Adjectives
Position of Adjectives
- Placed immediately before the noun that it qualifies
- After verbs like “to be”, “to seem”, “to look”, “to taste”
Formation of Adjectives
- Many adjectives are formed from either the past participles of verbs, and so end in –ed, or from the present participles and so end in –ing
- Examples of adjectives ending in –ed include: annoyed, blackened, jailed, damaged, developed, coloured, guarded,….
- Examples of adjectives ending in –ing include: amusing, interesting, horrifying, worrying, satisfying, amazing,…
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
- Positive degree
- Comparative degree:
- For short adjectives, the rule is: adj + er + than
- For long adjectives, the rule is: more + adj.+ than
- Superlative degree:
- For short adjectives, the rule is: the + adj.+ est
- For long adjectives, the rule is: the + most + adj.
Homophones
- Words that read the same but have different meanings and spellings. Examples: see/sea; b/bee; eight/ate; one/won; two/too
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Description
Test your knowledge of English language basics, including greetings, language functions, verb categorization, and various tenses. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of English grammar.
