English Sentence Structure and Verb Tenses

Study Notes

Sentence Structure

A sentence typically consists of a subject, verb, and object (SVO)
Types of sentences:
- Declarative: states a fact or opinion
- Interrogative: asks a question
- Imperative: gives a command or instruction
- Exclamatory: expresses strong emotions

Verb Tenses

Present Tense:
- Simple: used to describe habitual or general actions (e.g. I go to school)
- Progressive: used to describe ongoing actions (e.g. I am studying)
- Perfect: used to describe completed actions (e.g. I have eaten)
Past Tense:
- Simple: used to describe completed actions (e.g. I went to school)
- Progressive: used to describe ongoing actions in the past (e.g. I was studying)
- Perfect: used to describe completed actions in the past (e.g. I had eaten)
Future Tense:
- Simple: used to describe future actions (e.g. I will go to school)
- Progressive: used to describe ongoing actions in the future (e.g. I will be studying)
- Perfect: used to describe completed actions in the future (e.g. I will have eaten)

Possessive Adjectives

Used to describe nouns and show ownership or possession
Examples:
- My, your, his, her, its, our, their
Used to describe nouns and show relationship
- My brother, your sister, his car, her book

Auxiliary Verbs

Also known as helping verbs
Used to form the tense, mood, and voice of another verb
Examples:
- Be (am, is, are, was, were)
- Have (has, had)
- Do (does, did)
- Will (will, would)
Common uses:
- To form questions (e.g. Do you like coffee?)
- To form negations (e.g. I don't like coffee)
- To form the passive voice (e.g. The ball is thrown by John)

Sentence Structure

A sentence typically consists of a subject, verb, and object (SVO)
Four main types of sentences:
- Declarative sentences state a fact or opinion
- Interrogative sentences ask a question
- Imperative sentences give a command or instruction
- Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions

Verb Tenses

Present Tense:
- Simple Present describes habitual or general actions
- Present Progressive describes ongoing actions
- Present Perfect describes completed actions
Past Tense:
- Simple Past describes completed actions
- Past Progressive describes ongoing actions in the past
- Past Perfect describes completed actions in the past
Future Tense:
- Simple Future describes future actions
- Future Progressive describes ongoing actions in the future
- Future Perfect describes completed actions in the future

Possessive Adjectives

Used to describe nouns and show ownership or possession
Examples: My, your, his, her, its, our, their
Used to describe nouns and show relationship
Examples: My brother, your sister, his car, her book

Auxiliary Verbs

Also known as helping verbs
Used to form the tense, mood, and voice of another verb
Examples: Be, Have, Do, Will
Formed from: am, is, are, was, were, has, had, does, did, will, would
Common uses:
- Forming questions: e.g. Do you like coffee?
- Forming negations: e.g. I don't like coffee
- Forming the passive voice: e.g. The ball is thrown by John

Description

Test your understanding of sentence structure, verb tenses, and their uses in English grammar. Learn about declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences and the different types of present tense.