English Sentence Structure and Verb Tenses

Sentence Structure

• A sentence typically consists of a subject, verb, and object (SVO)
• Types of sentences:
  • Declarative: states a fact or opinion
  • Interrogative: asks a question
  • Imperative: gives a command or instruction
  • Exclamatory: expresses strong emotions

Verb Tenses

• Present Tense:
  • Simple: used to describe habitual or general actions (e.g. I go to school)
  • Progressive: used to describe ongoing actions (e.g. I am studying)
  • Perfect: used to describe completed actions (e.g. I have eaten)
• Past Tense:
  • Simple: used to describe completed actions (e.g. I went to school)
  • Progressive: used to describe ongoing actions in the past (e.g. I was studying)
  • Perfect: used to describe completed actions in the past (e.g. I had eaten)
• Future Tense:
  • Simple: used to describe future actions (e.g. I will go to school)
  • Progressive: used to describe ongoing actions in the future (e.g. I will be studying)
  • Perfect: used to describe completed actions in the future (e.g. I will have eaten)

Possessive Adjectives

• Used to describe nouns and show ownership or possession
• Examples:
  • My, your, his, her, its, our, their
• Used to describe nouns and show relationship
  • My brother, your sister, his car, her book

Auxiliary Verbs

• Also known as helping verbs
• Used to form the tense, mood, and voice of another verb
• Examples:
  • Be (am, is, are, was, were)
  • Have (has, had)
  • Do (does, did)
  • Will (will, would)
• Common uses:
  • To form questions (e.g. Do you like coffee?)
  • To form negations (e.g. I don't like coffee)
  • To form the passive voice (e.g. The ball is thrown by John)

Sentence Structure

• A sentence typically consists of a subject, verb, and object (SVO)
• Four main types of sentences:
  • Declarative sentences state a fact or opinion
  • Interrogative sentences ask a question
  • Imperative sentences give a command or instruction
  • Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions

Verb Tenses

• Present Tense:
  • Simple Present describes habitual or general actions
  • Present Progressive describes ongoing actions
  • Present Perfect describes completed actions
• Past Tense:
  • Simple Past describes completed actions
  • Past Progressive describes ongoing actions in the past
  • Past Perfect describes completed actions in the past
• Future Tense:
  • Simple Future describes future actions
  • Future Progressive describes ongoing actions in the future
  • Future Perfect describes completed actions in the future

Possessive Adjectives

• Used to describe nouns and show ownership or possession
• Examples: My, your, his, her, its, our, their
• Used to describe nouns and show relationship
• Examples: My brother, your sister, his car, her book

Auxiliary Verbs

• Also known as helping verbs
• Used to form the tense, mood, and voice of another verb
• Examples: Be, Have, Do, Will
• Formed from: am, is, are, was, were, has, had, does, did, will, would
• Common uses:
  • Forming questions: e.g. Do you like coffee?
  • Forming negations: e.g. I don't like coffee
  • Forming the passive voice: e.g. The ball is thrown by John