English Monarchs and Roman Influence

Period of civil war and disorder in England (1135-1154)

Matilda (daughter of Henry I) and Stephen I (her cousin)

Distrust and distress among the English people.

Henry II, Matilda's son.

Marked the end of The Anarchy and the start of the Plantagenet period.

Henry I unified England and Normandy by defeating his brother Robert Curthose.

William II, also known as Rufus, had conflicts with the church. Succeeded by Henry I after a hunting accident.

William the Conqueror introduced feudalism, the Domesday Book, and castle-building.

William I (The Conqueror) won the throne in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings.

William I strengthened royal control, introduced administrative reforms, and the Charter of Liberties.

Roman leader who attempted but failed to conquer England in 55 B.C.

Roman Emperor who successfully conquered England in 43 AD.

The system introduced by the romans related to rules and societal norms.

The civilization aspects introduced by the Romans that impacted art, architecture, and language.

A defensive barrier built by the Romans in Britain to protect against northern tribes.

A prehistoric period characterized by the use of stone tools.

A prehistoric monument in England, possibly used for religious, astronomical, or burial purposes.

A prehistoric period characterized by the use of bronze tools and weapons.

A group of people associated with the Bronze Age, known for their pottery.

A prehistoric period characterized by the use of iron tools and weapons.

Germanic tribes who invaded and settled in Britain, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

A collection of seven independent kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England: Essex, Wessex, Sussex, Northumbria, East Anglia, Kent, and Mercia.

He brought Christianity to England, establishing a major religious center.

Kings from Scandinavia who raided and eventually controlled large parts of England.

A Viking leader who ruled over the Danelaw, the Viking-controlled region in England.

The first monarch of the Lancasterian dynasty, who took the throne from Richard II.

Famous for his victory at the Battle of Agincourt, solidifying English claims in France.

His reign was marked by mental instability and conflicts between the Houses of Lancaster and York.

Secured his throne during the Wars of the Roses and marked the end of the Lancastrian challenge.

The last Yorkist king, defeated at the Battle of Bosworth, ending the Wars of the Roses.

Longest-reigning British monarch until recently, oversaw the peak of the British Empire, and symbolized British power and stability.

Reigned during significant reforms, including the Reform Act of 1832 and Factory Acts, which improved working conditions.

Known for extravagance, his reign saw some political reform despite personal excesses.

Reigned during the American Revolution and suffered from periods of mental illness.

Notable for involvement in the Battle of Dettingen and saw expansion of the British Empire.

Attempted to restore Catholicism in England, earning the nickname "Bloody Mary".

Ruled during a Golden Age, establishing Protestantism in England.

First Stuart king of England after the Tudor line.

His execution led to the Commonwealth of England.

Aftermath of the Glorious Revolution; supported Protestantism.

Saw the Act of Union forming Great Britain in 1707.

Marked the end of the monarchy and the start of the Commonwealth.

King of England, also known as John Lackland. Legendary figure known for military exploits.

A key figure in the Scottish Wars of Independence against England, leading forces to victory in 1297.