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The combination of Johnson's grandeur and Donne's sensuous tone is reflected in the works of writers such as Thomas Carew, John Suckling, and Robert Herrick, who celebrated body and ______.
The combination of Johnson's grandeur and Donne's sensuous tone is reflected in the works of writers such as Thomas Carew, John Suckling, and Robert Herrick, who celebrated body and ______.
pleasure
John Milton is considered the ideal puritan due to his great education and serious ______.
John Milton is considered the ideal puritan due to his great education and serious ______.
tone
After the republican period, John Milton's most significant work, Paradise Lost, was published in ______.
After the republican period, John Milton's most significant work, Paradise Lost, was published in ______.
1667
The political landscape shifted significantly with the return of Charles II in ______, which marked the start of the Restoration period.
The political landscape shifted significantly with the return of Charles II in ______, which marked the start of the Restoration period.
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The literary work Pilgrim's Progress, published in ______, is an important example of Christian allegorical prose.
The literary work Pilgrim's Progress, published in ______, is an important example of Christian allegorical prose.
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A story teaching a Christian moral lesson is called an ______.
A story teaching a Christian moral lesson is called an ______.
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Bawdy stories about ordinary people are known as ______.
Bawdy stories about ordinary people are known as ______.
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The literary work Sir Orfeo is an example of a ______ which incorporates Celtic features.
The literary work Sir Orfeo is an example of a ______ which incorporates Celtic features.
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The loss of trust in man as a rational being marks the expiration of ______ optimism.
The loss of trust in man as a rational being marks the expiration of ______ optimism.
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Mannerist and baroque pessimism is characterized by a cult of ______, transience, and nihilism.
Mannerist and baroque pessimism is characterized by a cult of ______, transience, and nihilism.
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The famous hero associated with outlaw tales is ______.
The famous hero associated with outlaw tales is ______.
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The introduction of a strong feudal system in Early Medieval Britain occurred in the year ______.
The introduction of a strong feudal system in Early Medieval Britain occurred in the year ______.
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Hamlet, holding a skull, symbolizes a realistic attitude to life and the ______ of existence.
Hamlet, holding a skull, symbolizes a realistic attitude to life and the ______ of existence.
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Ben ______ was seen as more famous than Shakespeare during his time, continuing the Renaissance literary stream.
Ben ______ was seen as more famous than Shakespeare during his time, continuing the Renaissance literary stream.
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The poem Beowulf is an example of an Old English heroic ______.
The poem Beowulf is an example of an Old English heroic ______.
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The trilingual system in Early Medieval Britain included French, English, and ______.
The trilingual system in Early Medieval Britain included French, English, and ______.
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The metaphysical school involves rational inquiry into questions beyond human ______.
The metaphysical school involves rational inquiry into questions beyond human ______.
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John ______ is regarded as the most original voice of the 17th century, famous for his love and religious poetry.
John ______ is regarded as the most original voice of the 17th century, famous for his love and religious poetry.
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The Doomsday Book is known as the first economic ______ in England.
The Doomsday Book is known as the first economic ______ in England.
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Charles I's belief in the divine rights of kings led to a conflict with ______.
Charles I's belief in the divine rights of kings led to a conflict with ______.
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Cavalier poets were associated with aristocratic circles and supported the ______ side during the Civil War.
Cavalier poets were associated with aristocratic circles and supported the ______ side during the Civil War.
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Augustine's 'Soliloquy' and Gregory the Pope's 'Pastoral Care' are significant works in early English literature during the time of the __________.
Augustine's 'Soliloquy' and Gregory the Pope's 'Pastoral Care' are significant works in early English literature during the time of the __________.
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The __________ was initiated in 890 and chronicles the history from the early Christian era until the 1150s.
The __________ was initiated in 890 and chronicles the history from the early Christian era until the 1150s.
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Wessex gradually absorbed the __________, resulting in the unification of all kingdoms into Angeland, now known as England.
Wessex gradually absorbed the __________, resulting in the unification of all kingdoms into Angeland, now known as England.
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The arrival of __________ to England in 597 AD marked a turning point in the religious landscape, as Christianity began to spread.
The arrival of __________ to England in 597 AD marked a turning point in the religious landscape, as Christianity began to spread.
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One of the notable heroic epics from Old English literature is __________, which tells the story of a great warrior.
One of the notable heroic epics from Old English literature is __________, which tells the story of a great warrior.
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Aphra Behn traveled to __________ during the Restoration.
Aphra Behn traveled to __________ during the Restoration.
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Oronooko was a noble African prince who was tricked into a slave ship for __________.
Oronooko was a noble African prince who was tricked into a slave ship for __________.
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Robinson Crusoe was published in __________.
Robinson Crusoe was published in __________.
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The __________ of the Commons were caricatured as slave owners in 'Oronooko'.
The __________ of the Commons were caricatured as slave owners in 'Oronooko'.
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Oronooko organizes the trade between the English colonists and the __________ in Surinam.
Oronooko organizes the trade between the English colonists and the __________ in Surinam.
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Daniel Defoe was inspired by __________'s theories when writing 'Robinson Crusoe'.
Daniel Defoe was inspired by __________'s theories when writing 'Robinson Crusoe'.
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The novel 'Oronooko' begins with 'I do not pretend' and connects fictional prose to __________.
The novel 'Oronooko' begins with 'I do not pretend' and connects fictional prose to __________.
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Crusoe's journey can be interpreted as a __________ allegory, referencing biblical themes like Jonah in the whale.
Crusoe's journey can be interpreted as a __________ allegory, referencing biblical themes like Jonah in the whale.
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Oronooko reflects strong __________ against the consequences of European settlement in the New World.
Oronooko reflects strong __________ against the consequences of European settlement in the New World.
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The __________ story of Oronooko highlights his love for Imoinda and his eventual tragic fate.
The __________ story of Oronooko highlights his love for Imoinda and his eventual tragic fate.
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Romantics emphasized ______ over reason.
Romantics emphasized ______ over reason.
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The concept of the ______ savage reflects a social ideal in Romanticism.
The concept of the ______ savage reflects a social ideal in Romanticism.
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William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge authored Lyrical ______.
William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge authored Lyrical ______.
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In Sense and Sensibility, Elinor represents ______ and reflection.
In Sense and Sensibility, Elinor represents ______ and reflection.
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The character of John Willoughby embodies a ______ view of romantic relationships.
The character of John Willoughby embodies a ______ view of romantic relationships.
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The ______ novel explores the pleasure of terrifying experiences.
The ______ novel explores the pleasure of terrifying experiences.
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Lord Byron's poem The Giaour addresses the clash between ______ and Christian worldviews.
Lord Byron's poem The Giaour addresses the clash between ______ and Christian worldviews.
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Mary Shelley's Frankenstein tells the story of a man playing ______.
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein tells the story of a man playing ______.
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By 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge began to adopt more ______ beliefs.
By 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge began to adopt more ______ beliefs.
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The concept of the ______ in a poem refers to overwhelming beauty mixed with terror.
The concept of the ______ in a poem refers to overwhelming beauty mixed with terror.
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Byron's The Giaour is part of the collection known as ______ Tales.
Byron's The Giaour is part of the collection known as ______ Tales.
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William Wordsworth celebrated his rediscovery of the capacity to ______.
William Wordsworth celebrated his rediscovery of the capacity to ______.
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Marianne Dashwood represents ______ in Sense and Sensibility.
Marianne Dashwood represents ______ in Sense and Sensibility.
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The character of Edward Ferrars is bound to another due to his engagement to ______.
The character of Edward Ferrars is bound to another due to his engagement to ______.
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Study Notes
Old English Literature (600-1066 AD)
- Anglo-Saxon culture valued heroic epics, lyrical poems, religious texts, alliteration, and kennings.
- Germanic tribes migrated to Britain after 450 AD, forming the Anglo-Saxon culture.
- The Heptarchy, a group of seven kingdoms, existed in Britain starting around 650 AD.
- Anglo-Saxon life revolved around villages, with tribal chiefs and a strong emphasis on loyalty.
- Religion was pagan, with a belief in fate (Wyrd).
Anglo-Saxon Lifestyle
- Villages (hams) were the basic organizational units.
- Wooden cottages were simple structures.
- Loyalty to tribal leaders was paramount.
- Revenge and fatalism were important values. - Materialism was a key value.
Anglo-Saxon Religion
- The religion was pagan, with gods associated with natural forces.
- Wyrd (fate) and belief in the gods shaped their worldview.
- Materialism is important.
A-S and Christianity
- Augustine arrived in Kent in 597 AD, spreading Christianity.
- By 700 AD Christianity had gained a strong foothold in Britain.
- Monasteries became hubs of learning and culture, with monks preserving and writing down folklore, poems, and religious texts.
- Literature after this time was influenced or combined the elements of paganism and Christianity.
A-S Literature
- Oral traditions, tales, and verses were spread by bards and scops = important figures.
- Runes were used for religious purposes before written literature.
- Manuscripts like the Junius (Oxford), Vitellius (British Library), Vercelli (Italy), and Exeter (Exeter Cathedral) are important sources of A-S literature.
- Poetry and prose were created, including heroic epics, charms, proverbs, and riddles. Their poetry used alliteration.
Anglo-Norman Literature (1066-1300)
- The Norman Conquest (1066) brought a significant influx of French culture and language to Britain, marking a pivotal shift.
- French became the dominant language of the upper classes, and the language of the courts and administration.
- A new social structure developed with a rigid feudal hierarchy.
- Both French and Latin are important languages at this time.
- Anglo-Norman literature began in the 12th century. Different genres emerged, including metrical romances and chronicles.
Early Medieval Britain (1066-1300)
- The Norman Conquest shaped a new social structure, with a rigid class system.
- French culture was dominant among the upper classes.
- English (and Latin) continued to be used but in different capacities.
- Metrical romances, secular poetry, forms and genres were written using Rhyme and Metre.
- A combination of French, English, and Latin languages was employed.
Middle English Literature (1066-1300)
- Language evolves. French and Latin also used in literature
- The dominant figures were French-speaking knights and nobility; English was considered to be the language of the commoners.
- New genres and forms began to emerge, influenced by both French and English traditions (e.g. metrical romances, fabliaux, and religious prose).
Middle English Literature (1350-1400)
- Important changes occurred in society and culture, resulting from trade and inter-marriages.
- Cultural interactions between England and other parts of Europe grew. The power of the Church declined as universities developed and became increasingly important.
- Religious themes and texts were prominent.
- Chaucer, the most important figure and major writer of this period, is representative of the shift towards English.
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Test your knowledge on the key themes and works of English literature, focusing on milestones from John Milton to the Restoration period. Dive deep into important texts such as Paradise Lost and Pilgrim's Progress, while exploring the societal shifts of the era. Perfect for literature enthusiasts and students.
