Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the consequence of the Roman Invasion of England in 43CE on the language spoken in Britain?
What was the consequence of the Roman Invasion of England in 43CE on the language spoken in Britain?
What was the outcome of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066CE on the language spoken in England?
What was the outcome of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066CE on the language spoken in England?
What was the result of the fusion of Norman French and Old English dialects?
What was the result of the fusion of Norman French and Old English dialects?
What was the significance of King Alfred the Great's victory in 784CE?
What was the significance of King Alfred the Great's victory in 784CE?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the number of French words that came into English over the next 200 years?
What was the number of French words that came into English over the next 200 years?
Signup and view all the answers
Who published Johnson’s Dictionary, creating Standardised English?
Who published Johnson’s Dictionary, creating Standardised English?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the meanings associated with particular words or phrases?
What is the term used to describe the meanings associated with particular words or phrases?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of an unscripted discourse feature?
Which of the following is an example of an unscripted discourse feature?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the study of language in use, using authentic texts?
What is the term used to describe the study of language in use, using authentic texts?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of a questionnaire in data collection?
What is the purpose of a questionnaire in data collection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the way words are used in a particular context to create a specific effect?
What is the term used to describe the way words are used in a particular context to create a specific effect?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a type of spoken language data?
Which of the following is a type of spoken language data?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the structure and organization of sentences?
What is the term used to describe the structure and organization of sentences?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the study of language variation and change over time?
What is the term used to describe the study of language variation and change over time?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the use of authentic texts to study language?
What is the term used to describe the use of authentic texts to study language?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of annotating texts in data collection?
What is the purpose of annotating texts in data collection?
Signup and view all the answers
What dialect of English did writers such as Geoffrey Chaucer use in their writing?
What dialect of English did writers such as Geoffrey Chaucer use in their writing?
Signup and view all the answers
What changed in verb conjugations in the 16th century?
What changed in verb conjugations in the 16th century?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a neologism in social media?
What is an example of a neologism in social media?
Signup and view all the answers
Why did capital letters become associated with shouting in online communication?
Why did capital letters become associated with shouting in online communication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended procedure for scientific research in the English language?
What is the recommended procedure for scientific research in the English language?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a research topic in the English language?
What is an example of a research topic in the English language?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of narrowing the focus of a research topic?
What is the purpose of narrowing the focus of a research topic?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a longitudinal study in language acquisition?
What is an example of a longitudinal study in language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in scientific research?
What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in scientific research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a virtuous error in language acquisition?
What is an example of a virtuous error in language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of questions should be placed in the middle of a questionnaire?
What type of questions should be placed in the middle of a questionnaire?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of questions should be avoided in a questionnaire, unless given to a specialist audience?
What type of questions should be avoided in a questionnaire, unless given to a specialist audience?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of open-ended questions in a questionnaire?
What is the primary purpose of open-ended questions in a questionnaire?
Signup and view all the answers
Why should pilot surveys be carried out before conducting a large-scale survey?
Why should pilot surveys be carried out before conducting a large-scale survey?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of data is measured in terms of categories, such as 'yes/no'?
What type of data is measured in terms of categories, such as 'yes/no'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of a well-structured questionnaire?
What is the primary purpose of a well-structured questionnaire?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
History of the English Language
- Old English (400-1066): Merging of dialects from various invading tribes, including Picts, Scots, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians.
- Middle English (1066-1500): Norman French became the ruling class language after William of Normandy's conquest; Old English survived among the peasantry.
- Early Modern English (1500-1750): Emergence of London dialect as the variety of written and spoken English used by powerful governing bodies.
- Late Modern English (1750-Present): Standardisation of English language through Samuel Johnson's dictionary.
Changes in the 16th Century
- Nouns became usable as verbs (e.g., 'chair', 'rain', 'thunder').
- Auxiliary verbs replaced the inverted verb and subject combo (e.g., 'do you speak?' instead of 'speakest thou?').
- Verb conjugations changed, notably with '-s' replacing '-th' (e.g., 'speaks' instead of 'speaketh').
- Nouns not tied directly to a gender became neuter.
- Word "it" gained a possessive form with "its" and a contracted form "it's".
- Double negatives were no longer seen as proper.
Language Change and Online Communication
- Meaning change in social media, with pre-existing words given new meanings (e.g., 'pin', 'friend', 'troll', 'tablet', 'like', 'tweet', 'page').
- Neologisms (new words) coined, such as 'selfie', 'google', 'phablet', 'hashtag', and 'unfriend'.
- Abbreviations and acronyms emerged (e.g., 'btw', 'lol').
Data Collection for English Language Research
- Formulate a hypothesis and design a suitable method for data collection and handling.
- Analyse the data and draw conclusions.
- Narrow focus to a specific topic, such as child language acquisition or spoken language.
- Use a combination of written and spoken data sources (e.g., advertisements, brochures, news stories, podcasts).
- Consider using corpus linguistics and software tools for data analysis.
Methods of Data Collection
- Recording and transcribing spoken language from the original source.
- Collecting and annotating different texts for comparison.
- Searching online for specific data needed.
- Creating a questionnaire and interviewing respondents or allowing them to complete it themselves.
- Observing participants, such as babies and toddlers, and conversationalists.
- Tracking diachronic changes to word meanings and usage over time.
Questionnaire Design and Use
- Design a questionnaire with simple, polite, and friendly language.
- Ensure the aim of the survey is clearly explained.
- Avoid technical questions unless for a specialist audience.
- Avoid 'loaded' questions that suggest a correct answer.
- Use open-ended and closed questions appropriately.
Data Analysis
- Use statistical methods and consult specialist books and online tutorials as needed.
- Consider different scales of measurement, such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the history of the English language, from Old English to Late Modern English, including the influence of Roman Invasion, Norman Conquest, and the creation of Standardized English.
