English Grammar: Verb Conjugation

Verb Conjugation

• Present tense verbs conjugate according to the subject:
  • I (first person singular): base form (e.g., I go)
  • you (second person singular and plural): base form (e.g., you go)
  • he/she/it (third person singular): -s or -es added to base form (e.g., he goes)
  • we/they (first and third person plural): base form (e.g., we go)

Tense Usage

• Present Simple:
  • Used for habits, routines, and general truths
  • Often used with adverbs of frequency (e.g., always, usually, never)
• Present Continuous:
  • Used for actions happening at the moment of speaking
  • Used for temporary or changing situations
  • Often used with time expressions (e.g., now, at the moment)
• Present Perfect:
  • Used for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present
  • Used for actions that have a connection to the present
  • Often used with time expressions (e.g., today, this week)

Sentence Structure

• Declarative sentences:
  • Subject + verb (e.g., I go to the gym.)
  • Subject + verb + object (e.g., I eat breakfast.)
• Interrogative sentences:
  • Verb + subject (e.g., Do you like coffee?)
  • Verb + subject + object (e.g., Do you eat breakfast?)

Action Duration

• Action duration is expressed using:
  • Time expressions (e.g., for, since, all morning)
  • Adverbs (e.g., always, usually, never)
  • Sentence structure (e.g., Present Continuous for temporary actions)

Completed Actions

• The Present Perfect is used to describe:
  • Completed actions with a connection to the present
  • Actions that started in the past and have a result in the present
  • Use of the present perfect emphasizes the connection to the present, not the completion of the action

Verb Conjugation

• Verb conjugation in the present tense depends on the subject:
  • First person singular (I) takes the base form of the verb
  • Second person singular and plural (you) takes the base form of the verb
  • Third person singular (he/she/it) adds -s or -es to the base form
  • First and third person plural (we/they) takes the base form of the verb

Tense Usage

• Present Simple:
  • Used to describe habits, routines, and general truths
  • Often used with adverbs of frequency (e.g., always, usually, never)
• Present Continuous:
  • Used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking
  • Used for temporary or changing situations
  • Often used with time expressions (e.g., now, at the moment)
• Present Perfect:
  • Used to describe actions that started in the past and continue up to the present
  • Used to describe actions that have a connection to the present
  • Often used with time expressions (e.g., today, this week)

Sentence Structure

• Declarative sentences consist of:
  • Subject + verb (e.g., I go to the gym.)
  • Subject + verb + object (e.g., I eat breakfast.)
• Interrogative sentences consist of:
  • Verb + subject (e.g., Do you like coffee?)
  • Verb + subject + object (e.g., Do you eat breakfast?)

Action Duration

• Action duration is expressed using:
  • Time expressions (e.g., for, since, all morning)
  • Adverbs (e.g., always, usually, never)
  • Sentence structure (e.g., Present Continuous for temporary actions)

Completed Actions

• The Present Perfect is used to describe:
  • Completed actions with a connection to the present
  • Actions that started in the past and have a result in the present
  • The emphasis is on the connection to the present, not the completion of the action

Present Perfect Tense

• The present perfect tense is used to describe completed actions that have a connection to the present moment.
• It is used to express actions that started in the past and have a result or impact in the present.
• The present perfect emphasizes the connection between the past action and its current relevance, rather than the completion of the action itself.