English Grammar: Verb Conjugation

Study Notes

Present tense verbs conjugate according to the subject:
- I (first person singular): base form (e.g., I go)
- you (second person singular and plural): base form (e.g., you go)
- he/she/it (third person singular): -s or -es added to base form (e.g., he goes)
- we/they (first and third person plural): base form (e.g., we go)

Present Simple:
- Used for habits, routines, and general truths
- Often used with adverbs of frequency (e.g., always, usually, never)
Present Continuous:
- Used for actions happening at the moment of speaking
- Used for temporary or changing situations
- Often used with time expressions (e.g., now, at the moment)
Present Perfect:
- Used for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present
- Used for actions that have a connection to the present
- Often used with time expressions (e.g., today, this week)

Declarative sentences:
- Subject + verb (e.g., I go to the gym.)
- Subject + verb + object (e.g., I eat breakfast.)
Interrogative sentences:
- Verb + subject (e.g., Do you like coffee?)
- Verb + subject + object (e.g., Do you eat breakfast?)

Action duration is expressed using:
- Time expressions (e.g., for, since, all morning)
- Adverbs (e.g., always, usually, never)
- Sentence structure (e.g., Present Continuous for temporary actions)

The Present Perfect is used to describe:
- Completed actions with a connection to the present
- Actions that started in the past and have a result in the present
- Use of the present perfect emphasizes the connection to the present, not the completion of the action

Verb conjugation in the present tense depends on the subject:
- First person singular (I) takes the base form of the verb
- Second person singular and plural (you) takes the base form of the verb
- Third person singular (he/she/it) adds -s or -es to the base form
- First and third person plural (we/they) takes the base form of the verb

Present Simple:
- Used to describe habits, routines, and general truths
- Often used with adverbs of frequency (e.g., always, usually, never)
Present Continuous:
- Used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking
- Used for temporary or changing situations
- Often used with time expressions (e.g., now, at the moment)
Present Perfect:
- Used to describe actions that started in the past and continue up to the present
- Used to describe actions that have a connection to the present
- Often used with time expressions (e.g., today, this week)

Declarative sentences consist of:
- Subject + verb (e.g., I go to the gym.)
- Subject + verb + object (e.g., I eat breakfast.)
Interrogative sentences consist of:
- Verb + subject (e.g., Do you like coffee?)
- Verb + subject + object (e.g., Do you eat breakfast?)

Action duration is expressed using:
- Time expressions (e.g., for, since, all morning)
- Adverbs (e.g., always, usually, never)
- Sentence structure (e.g., Present Continuous for temporary actions)

The Present Perfect is used to describe:
- Completed actions with a connection to the present
- Actions that started in the past and have a result in the present
- The emphasis is on the connection to the present, not the completion of the action

The present perfect tense is used to describe completed actions that have a connection to the present moment.
It is used to express actions that started in the past and have a result or impact in the present.
The present perfect emphasizes the connection between the past action and its current relevance, rather than the completion of the action itself.