English Grammar Study Notes

English Study Notes

Grammar

• Parts of Speech:
  • Nouns: persons, places, things, ideas
  • Verbs: actions, states of being
  • Adjectives: describe nouns
  • Adverbs: describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
  • Pronouns: replace nouns
  • Prepositions: show relationships between words
  • Conjunctions: connect words, phrases, or clauses
  • Interjections: express emotions
• Sentence Structure:
  • Declarative: statements
  • Interrogative: questions
  • Imperative: commands
  • Exclamatory: strong emotions
• Tenses:
  • Present: happening now
  • Past: happened before
  • Future: will happen
  • Present Perfect: started in the past, continues to the present
  • Past Perfect: happened before another action in the past
  • Future Perfect: will happen before another action in the future
• Clauses and Phrases:
  • Independent Clause: complete sentence
  • Dependent Clause: cannot stand alone
  • Phrase: group of words, not a complete sentence

Vocabulary

• Word Types:
  • Homophones: same pronunciation, different meanings
  • Homographs: same spelling, different meanings
  • Synonyms: same meaning, different words
  • Antonyms: opposite meanings
• Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots:
  • Prefixes: added to the beginning of a word
  • Suffixes: added to the end of a word
  • Roots: core of a word, often Latin or Greek
• Common Word Lists:
  • Most Frequently Used Words
  • Common Idioms and Phrases
  • Words Often Confused

English Study Notes

Grammar

• Parts of Speech:
  • Nouns classify into: proper, common, collective, abstract, concrete
  • Verbs can be: action, linking, helping, transitive, intransitive
  • Adjectives describe: quantity, quality, degree, demonstrative, possessive
  • Adverbs describe: manner, time, place, frequency, degree
  • Pronouns replace: nouns, used as: subject, object, reflexive, demonstrative
  • Prepositions show: location, direction, time, manner, means
  • Conjunctions connect: words, phrases, clauses, coordinating, subordinating
  • Interjections express: emotions, feelings, sudden, strong
• Sentence Structure:
  • Declarative sentences: statements, assertions, facts
  • Interrogative sentences: questions, inquiry, investigation
  • Imperative sentences: commands, orders, instructions
  • Exclamatory sentences: strong emotions, sudden feelings, emphasis
• Tenses:
  • Present tense: action happening now, general truth, habitual
  • Past tense: action completed, past habits, past causality
  • Future tense: action will happen, prediction, plan
  • Present Perfect tense: action started in the past, continues to the present
  • Past Perfect tense: action happened before another action in the past
  • Future Perfect tense: action will happen before another action in the future

Vocabulary

• Word Types:
  • Homophones: to, too, two
  • Homographs: bank (financial), bank (river)
  • Synonyms: big, large, huge
  • Antonyms: hot, cold
• Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots:
  • Prefixes: un-, re-, de-, anti-, non-
  • Suffixes: -ly, -ful, -less, -ment, -ship
  • Roots: tele- (far), log- (word), bio- (life)
• Common Word Lists:
  • Frequently used words: the, be, to, of, and
  • Common idioms and phrases: break a leg, cost an arm and a leg
  • Words often confused: their, there, they're

Review the basics of English grammar, including parts of speech, sentence structure, and more. Test your knowledge with this comprehensive quiz!