English Grammar Sentence Structure

Basic Components:
- Subject: Who or what the sentence is about.
- Predicate: What the subject does; includes the verb.
Types of Sentences:
- Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause (e.g., "The cat sleeps.").
- Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., "I wanted to go, but it was raining.").
- Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., "Although it was raining, I went for a walk.").
- Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses (e.g., "Though it was raining, I went for a walk, and I enjoyed it.").

Noun: Names a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., "dog," "city," "happiness").
Pronoun: Replaces a noun (e.g., "he," "she," "it").
Verb: Expresses action or state of being (e.g., "run," "is").
Adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun (e.g., "blue," "happy").
Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb (e.g., "quickly," "very").
Preposition: Shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words (e.g., "in," "on," "at").
Conjunction: Connects words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., "and," "but," "or").
Interjection: Expresses emotion or exclamation (e.g., "Wow!," "Oh no!").

Present Tense: Describes current actions or states (e.g., "I eat.").
- Simple Present: Habitual actions (e.g., "She walks.").
- Present Continuous: Ongoing actions (e.g., "They are playing.").
- Present Perfect: Actions completed at some point in the past (e.g., "I have eaten.").
- Present Perfect Continuous: Actions that started in the past and continue to the present (e.g., "I have been studying.").
Past Tense: Describes actions that happened in the past (e.g., "I ate.").
- Simple Past: Completed actions (e.g., "She walked.").
- Past Continuous: Ongoing actions in the past (e.g., "They were playing.").
- Past Perfect: Actions completed before another past action (e.g., "I had eaten.").
- Past Perfect Continuous: Ongoing actions that were happening before another past action (e.g., "I had been studying.").
Future Tense: Describes actions that will happen (e.g., "I will eat.").
- Simple Future: Predictions or intentions (e.g., "She will walk.").
- Future Continuous: Ongoing actions that will occur (e.g., "They will be playing.").
- Future Perfect: Actions that will be completed before a specified future time (e.g., "I will have eaten.").
- Future Perfect Continuous: Ongoing actions that will continue up to a specified future time (e.g., "I will have been studying.").

Basic Components: Syntactic structure includes Subject (who/what the sentence is about) and Predicate (what the subject does, containing the verb).
Types of Sentences:
- Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause (e.g., "The cat sleeps").
- Compound Sentence: Combines two or more independent clauses with a conjunction (e.g., "I wanted to go, but it was raining").
- Complex Sentence: Includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., "Although it was raining, I went for a walk").
- Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause (e.g., "Though it was raining, I went for a walk, and I enjoyed it").

Noun: Identifies a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., "dog," "city," "happiness").
Pronoun: Substitutes for a noun (e.g., "he," "she," "it").
Verb: Indicates action or state of being (e.g., "run," "is").
Adjective: Qualifies a noun or pronoun (e.g., "blue," "happy").
Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb (e.g., "quickly," "very").
Preposition: Relates a noun/pronoun to other words (e.g., "in," "on," "at").
Conjunction: Links words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., "and," "but," "or").
Interjection: Conveys emotion or exclamation (e.g., "Wow!," "Oh no!").

Present Tense: Relays current actions/states (e.g., "I eat").
- Simple Present: Discusses habitual actions (e.g., "She walks").
- Present Continuous: Describes ongoing actions (e.g., "They are playing").
- Present Perfect: Indicates actions completed at some point in the past (e.g., "I have eaten").
- Present Perfect Continuous: Shows actions starting in the past continuing to the present (e.g., "I have been studying").
Past Tense: Relates actions completed in the past (e.g., "I ate").
- Simple Past: Refers to finished actions (e.g., "She walked").
- Past Continuous: Shows ongoing past actions (e.g., "They were playing").
- Past Perfect: Actions finished before another past event (e.g., "I had eaten").
- Past Perfect Continuous: Ongoing actions happening before another past event (e.g., "I had been studying").
Future Tense: Describes actions that will occur (e.g., "I will eat").
- Simple Future: Predictive or intended actions (e.g., "She will walk").
- Future Continuous: Ongoing actions expected to occur (e.g., "They will be playing").
- Future Perfect: Actions completed before a future point in time (e.g., "I will have eaten").
- Future Perfect Continuous: Ongoing actions continuing up to a specified future time (e.g., "I will have been studying").