English Grammar: Morphemes and Phrases
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Questions and Answers

Which type of verbs is incompatible with the Progressive Aspect?

  • Verbs of continuous growth
  • Verbs of inert perception (correct)
  • Verbs of physical action
  • Verbs of active emotion

Which of the following sentences correctly uses the verb 'see'?

  • I can see a man. (correct)
  • I was seeing a man.
  • I am seeing the scenery.
  • I see a car on the street. (correct)

Which of the following verbs falls under the category of 'having' and 'being'?

  • Feel
  • Believe
  • Understand
  • Have (correct)

Which sentence demonstrates a correct use of the verb 'belong'?

<p>This book could belong to John. (A), This book has belonged to John since last year. (B), This book belongs to John. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which verb can sometimes be used in the Progressive Aspect despite being of physical sensation?

<p>Smell (A), Feel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the correct use of the article with university names?

<p>London University (B), the University of Wales (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct article usage for names of streets?

<p>Oxford Street (C), Broadway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding ships is accurate?

<p>the Titanic (C), the Queen Elizabeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sporting events uses the article correctly?

<p>the Olympic Games (A), World Cup (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would the definite article be used when referring to festivals?

<p>the 4th of July (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are names of organizations typically handled with articles?

<p>the United Nations (B), the BBC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the article usage for highways and motorways?

<p>the A1 is an exception (C), Old Kent Road can have the article (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate article usage when abbreviating organizations?

<p>the EC (A), the FBI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect emphasizes an action that is in progress or incomplete?

<p>Progressive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'beforeness' relate to in verb aspects?

<p>Perfect aspect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mood recognized in traditional grammar?

<p>Progressive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tense is used to signify an action that has been completed?

<p>Present perfect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the progressive aspect formed in English?

<p>Using parts of 'be' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of verb voice, what describes the action where the subject is the receiver?

<p>Passive voice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between tense and aspect?

<p>Tense relates to time; aspect relates to action quality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences exemplifies the perfect aspect?

<p>He has finished the project. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about stative adjectives is true?

<p>They indicate stable characteristics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly identifies gradable and non-gradable adjectives?

<p>Married - freezing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a peripheral adjective?

<p>It can only be used in predicative positions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intensifier is suitable for both gradable and non-gradable adjectives?

<p>Very (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these adjectives is classified as non-gradable?

<p>Exhausted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of inherent adjectives?

<p>They provide direct information about a referent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes amplifying adjectives?

<p>They highlight the upper extremes of qualities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence demonstrates the attributive use of an adjective?

<p>A huge storm approached. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences correctly uses the infinitive after a verb expressing mental perception?

<p>I felt it to be true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which sentence is the gerund used correctly as the subject?

<p>Going out is my favorite activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option illustrates the correct use of the construction 'had better'?

<p>You had better start studying for the exam. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct interpretation of 'I hate going to the market'?

<p>I dislike the act of going to the market. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence exemplifies the correct application of the verb 'make'?

<p>They made him repeat the instructions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence demonstrates an incorrect use of the gerund?

<p>I enjoy to swim every weekend. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences correctly uses the structure 'to be supposed to'?

<p>They are supposed to leave by noon. (B), I am supposed to get up early. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'made do with boxes' imply?

<p>They managed without cupboards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a monotransitive verb?

<p>It takes one direct object. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences contains a complex transitive verb structure?

<p>She found the movie thrilling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct statement about intransitive verbs.

<p>They never take direct objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a ditransitive verb?

<p>It requires both a direct object and an indirect object. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'John was laughing a happy laugh', what type of verb is 'laughing' considered?

<p>Both intransitive and transitive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element distinguishes a finite verb phrase from a non-finite verb phrase?

<p>Indicates tense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'EN FORM' refer to in grammar?

<p>The past participle of any verb. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences does NOT utilize the passive voice?

<p>I completed the assignment last night. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stative adjectives

Adjectives that describe a stable, unchanging quality of a noun. They cannot be used in continuous tenses.

Dynamic adjectives

Adjectives that describe temporary or changing conditions of a noun. They can be used in continuous tenses.

Gradable adjectives

Adjectives that allow comparative and superlative forms, and can be intensified using words like 'very' or 'extremely'.

Non-gradable adjectives

Adjectives that do not allow comparative or superlative forms, and cannot be intensified. They express absolute qualities.

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Inherent adjectives

Adjectives that directly describe a noun's inherent quality, and can be reformulated into a clause.

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Non-inherent adjectives

Adjectives that do not describe a noun's inherent quality, and cannot be reformulated into a clause.

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Attributive adjectives

Adjectives that appear before a noun, directly modifying it. Example: 'a nice person'.

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Predicative adjectives

Adjectives that appear after a linking verb, describing the subject. Example: 'The person is nice.'

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Universities with "OF"

Universities that include "OF" in their names are typically preceded by "the" (e.g., the University of Wales).

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University Name Variations

Many universities have both formal and informal names. The official name often includes "the", while the informal name might not (e.g., the University of London, London University).

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Churches, Cathedrals, Abbeys

Most churches, cathedrals, and abbeys don't use "the" (e.g., St Peter's, Westminster Abbey). However, if the name includes a religious order or "OF," then "the" is included (e.g., the Dominican Abbey).

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Street Names

Street names generally don't use "the", with a few exceptions (e.g., the High Street, the Mall).

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Ships & Boats

Ships are usually named with "the" (e.g., the Titanic), but smaller boats often don't (e.g., a 12-metre yacht).

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Trains & Spacecraft

Established train services often include "the" (e.g., the Orient Express), while spacecraft typically don't (e.g., Apollo 17).

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Sporting Events

Most sporting events use "the" (e.g., the Olympic Games), but events named after their location often don't (e.g., Wimbledon).

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Festivals

Religious and other festivals typically don't use "the" (e.g., Christmas). However, specific events or dates can have it (e.g., the 4th of July).

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Infinitive "To Be" After Perception Verbs

The infinitive "to be" is used after perception verbs like "see" and "feel" when the perception is mental, not physical. This means the verb describes a judgment or opinion, not a sensory experience.

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Infinitive Usage After Certain Verbs

Infinitives are used after certain verbs like "watch", "observe", "let", "make", and "help". These verbs indicate an action being performed on someone or something.

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Infinitive After "Would Rather", "Would Sooner", etc.

The construction "would rather", "would sooner", "rather than", "sooner than", and "had better" is followed by an infinitive, indicating preference or a suggestion.

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Infinitive in "Why" Questions

In special questions beginning with "why", the infinitive is used to suggest an action or make a suggestion. It often implies a reason or justification.

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The Gerund

The gerund is a verb form that acts like a noun. It can be the subject, object, or part of a sentence.

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Gerund: Verb Characteristics

The gerund form can have tense, aspect, and voice distinctions, like a verb.

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Gerund: Subject and Object

The gerund can have a subject and a direct object, like a verb.

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Gerund: Adverb Modification

The gerund can be modified by adverbs, like a verb, indicating how the action is performed.

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Transitive Verb

A verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning.

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Intransitive Verb

A verb that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning.

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Monotransitive Verb

A transitive verb that takes one direct object.

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Ditransitive Verb

A transitive verb that takes an indirect object and a direct object.

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Complex Transitive Verb

A transitive verb that takes a direct object and a complement or adverbial.

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Verb Phrase

A phrase that functions as a single-word verb.

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Finite Verb

The first word in a finite verb phrase, which indicates the tense.

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Lexical Verb

The last word in a verb phrase, which represents the main verb.

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Aspect

A grammatical category describing the way the speaker views the action's completion, not its time.

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Progressive Aspect

An aspect that emphasizes actions in progress. Keywords: 'in progress,' 'limited period,' 'incompleteness.'

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Perfect/Perfective Aspect

An aspect that emphasizes completed actions BEFORE a specific time. Keywords: 'beforeness,' 'anteriority.'

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Mood

A grammatical category showing how reality is viewed by the verb (fact, command, hypothesis, etc.).

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Active Voice

Indicates the subject's role in the action as the 'doer,' performing the verb.

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Passive Voice

Describes the subject as the receiver of the action, not the performer.

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Tense

Refers to the way time is expressed in verbs. It focuses on past/present/future.

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Historic Present

The use of present tense to describe past events, adding vividness and immediacy.

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Stative Verbs

Verbs that depict states or conditions rather than actions, and are typically used in the simple tenses. They do not typically express ongoing actions or processes.

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Simple Aspect

A grammatical aspect that refers to verbs describing actions happening at a specific point in time. It emphasizes the completion of an action, without duration or continuity.

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Perfective Aspect

Verbs that describe actions or processes that are perceived as being completed or finished. They are typically used with the simple past or present perfect tenses.

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Ambitransitive Verbs

Verbs that have both stative and dynamic meanings, depending on context. They can be used in both the simple and progressive tenses, but with slightly different meanings.

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Study Notes

English Grammar (Course)

  • Morpheme: The smallest unit of language with its own meaning. Examples include "cat" (one morpheme) and "cats" (two morphemes: cat + plural).
  • Free morpheme: Can stand alone. Examples include "car", "book", and "woman".
  • Bound morpheme: Must be attached to a free morpheme to have meaning. Examples include "-s", "-er", "-ed", "-lly", and "-ing".
  • Word: A unit made up of morphemes.
  • Phrase: A linguistic unit between a word and a clause. It has a head (most important element—a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, or preposition). A phrase can be a noun phrase (NP), adjective phrase (AdjP), verb phrase (VP), or adverbial phrase (AdvP).
  • Clause: A grammatical unit between a phrase and a sentence. It has a subject and a finite verb.
  • Sentence: Consists of two or more clauses.
  • Noun Phrase (NP): A phrase with a noun as its head. Can also include a pronoun, adverbs, and adjectives. The structure can be:
    • Head only (e.g., boy, dog)
    • Determiner + head (e.g., a/the/my boy)
    • Determiner + modifier + head (e.g., a young man)
  • Determiners: Words that come before a noun to specify, identify, or quantify it. Types include:
    • Articles (a/an/the)
    • Demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, those)
    • Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
    • Indefinite adjectives (some, any, no, each, every, either, neither, both, other, another)
    • Interrogative adjectives/wh-forms (what, which, whose)
    • Fractions (one-fourth)
    • Multipliers (double, twice, four times)
    • Partitives (a slice of bread, a loaf of bread)
    • Cardinal numbers (two, six)
    • Ordinal numbers (third, forth)

Other Grammar Points

  • Central determiners: Cannot occur together within a noun phrase.
  • Predeterminers: Can qualify a head-noun or combine with central determiners.
  • Postdeterminers: Can occur alone to qualify the head-noun; can also combine with central and predeterminers; can even combine with one another.
  • Adjectives as Modifiers: Adjectives can be graded (big, bigger, biggest), but determiners cannot.
  • Different types of determiners: Include articles, demonstratives, quantifiers, interrogatives, possessives.
  • Articles: The, a, an; definite vs. indefinite. 
  • Quantifiers: Words indicating quantity (little, few, most, some, much, any).
  • Demonstratives: This, that, these, those (point to a specific noun).
  • Possessives: My, your, his, her, its, our, their (indicate possession or ownership).
  • Interrogatives: What, which, whose (used for questions).

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in English grammar, focusing on morphemes, free and bound morphemes, word formation, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Test your understanding of how these elements function in the structure of the English language.

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