English Grammar Guide

Adverbs modify adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs by telling us how, when, and where things happen. They express quantity, intensity, frequency, and opinions. For example, in the sentence 'She sings beautifully,' the adverb 'beautifully' modifies the verb 'sings.'

Determiners help us say what we are talking about and modify nouns. Examples of determiners include articles (a, an, the), quantifiers (some, many, few), and other words that specify or identify nouns. For instance, in the phrase 'this book,' the word 'this' is a determiner modifying the noun 'book.'

Verbs are action words that tell us what is happening and when (past, present, future). Apart from actions, verbs can also express possibilities and conditions. For example, in the sentence 'I might go to the party,' the verb 'might go' expresses a possibility.

Indirect speech rules are an important area of grammar when reporting what someone says. It involves citing the person's words indirectly, often with changes in tense, pronouns, and other elements. For instance, changing 'She said, 'I am busy'' to 'She said that she was busy' involves the use of indirect speech.

Nouns are people, places, or things that tell us what we are talking about. Examples of nouns include 'cat,' 'Jack,' 'rock,' 'Africa,' and 'it.' Adjectives modify or describe nouns, such as 'tall,' 'beautiful,' 'irresponsible,' and 'boring' in the sentences 'The tall tree' and 'The beautiful sunset.'