English Grammar and Vocabulary

Verb Tenses

• Past tense: used to describe completed actions in the past
• Present tense: used to describe actions that are happening now
• Future tense: used to describe actions that will happen in the future

Compound Verbs

• A compound verb is a verb that is made up of two or more words
• Examples: pick up, get on, turn off

Zero Conditional

• Used to describe universal truths or scientific facts
• Formula: If + present simple, ... + present simple
• Example: If you heat ice, it melts.

First Conditional

• Used to talk about future situations and their consequences
• Formula: If + present simple, ... + will + infinitive
• Example: If it rains, I will take an umbrella.

Adjectives with Prepositions

• Some adjectives are used with specific prepositions to form common expressions
• Examples:
  • mad at (angry with someone)
  • irritated with (annoyed by something)

Vocabulary Definitions

Environment

• pollution: the act of contaminating the environment with harmful substances
• global warming: the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earth's atmosphere
• landfill: a site where waste is buried in the ground

Personal Achievements

• goal: a target or objective that someone wants to achieve
• accomplishment: something that has been done successfully

Descriptive Words

• vintage: old-fashioned, but still stylish and attractive
• trendy: very fashionable and modern
• pleasant: giving a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment
• reliable: able to be trusted or depended on
• easy-going: relaxed and calm, not easily upset or annoyed

Verb Tenses

• Verbs have three main tenses: past, present, and future
• Each tense is used to express a specific time period or aspect of an action

Compound Verbs

• Compound verbs are made up of two or more verbs that function together as a single verb
• Examples of compound verbs include "pick up", "get on", and "turn off"

Adjectives with Prepositions

• Certain adjectives are used with specific prepositions to convey a particular meaning
• Examples include "mad at", "irritated with", and "angry about"
• These adjective-preposition combinations help to create more precise and nuanced expressions of emotions and attitudes

Vocabulary Definitions

Environmental Terms

• Pollution: the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment, causing damage to ecosystems and human health
• Global Warming: the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, primarily caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases
• Landfill: a site for the disposal of waste materials, typically in a controlled and managed environment

Personal and Social Terms

• Goal: a specific objective or target that a person or organization aims to achieve
• Accomplishment: the successful completion of a goal or task, often resulting in a sense of pride and fulfillment
• Vintage: something that is from an earlier time period, often characterized by a nostalgic or retro quality
• Trendy: very fashionable or popular, often used to describe something that is currently in style
• Pleasant: giving a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment
• Reliable: able to be trusted or depended on to do something
• Easy-going: having a calm and relaxed nature, often resulting in a peaceful and friendly atmosphere