English Grammar and Sports

Vocabulary

• Injured: when someone's body is hurt, e.g., they break a leg or an arm.
• Challenge: something that is difficult to do.
• Experience: something that happens to you that changes how you feel.
• Deafening: very loud.
• Jerk: to make a short sudden movement, or to cause someone or something to do this.
• Shake: to move quickly from side to side or up and down.
• Accident: something bad that happens by mistake and causes injury or damage.
• Ancient: very old, from a long time ago.
• Challenging: difficult in a way that tests your ability.
• Climb: to go up something or onto the top of something.
• Compete: to take part in a race or competition, to try to be more successful than someone else.
• Competition: an organized event in which people try to win a prize by being the best.
• Course: an area used for sporting events, such as racing or playing golf.
• Fit: in good health, strong.
• Participant: a person who takes part in an activity.
• Strange: not familiar, difficult to understand, different.

Phrases

• Take place: to happen, to occur.
• Throw: to send something through the air, pushing it out of your hand.

Prepositions of Movement

• Prepositions of movement are used to indicate movement or direction.

Exercise

• Complete sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets, using the present simple tense.

• Examples: trying, carries, is, watch, miss, wants, run, are, catch.### Unit 5 Vocabulary

• IBM is the name of an American technology company

• A 'genius' is someone who is highly intelligent and skilled

• A 'move' in a game like chess refers to the change in position of one of the pieces or a player's turn to play

• To 'trick' someone means to make them believe something that is not true

• To 'escape' means to get away from a dangerous or bad situation

• A 'champion' is someone who wins a competition

• To 'charge' means to ask someone to pay for an activity or service

• To 'compete' means to do an activity with others and try to do it better than they do

• A 'competition' is an organized event where people try to win by being the best, fastest, etc.

• 'Cost' refers to the amount of money needed to buy or do something

• A 'fan' is someone who likes a famous person, sport, type of music, etc.

• To 'hit' means to touch something quickly and forcefully with the hand or an object

• 'Intelligent' means able to understand and learn well

• To 'kick' means to hit someone or something with the foot

• A 'prize' is something valuable given to someone who wins a game or has done good work

• 'Salary' is the amount of money you get from your job, usually paid every month

• To 'score' means to get points in a game or test

• 'Strong' means physically powerful

• To 'support' means to help someone by paying for their food, clothes, etc.

First and Zero Conditionals

• The zero conditional discusses real, factual situations
• It is used to express facts, habits, and instructions
• Zero conditional sentences have two clauses: the 'if' clause and the result clause
• In the zero conditional, both clauses use the simple present tense

Examples:

• If you heat water to 100 degrees C, it boils.
• If I work hard, I get tired.
• If he works hard, he gets tired.

Negation:

• The negation can be in one or both clauses
• If you don't heat water to 100 degrees C, it doesn't boil.
• If I don't work hard, I don't get tired.
• If he doesn't work hard, he doesn't get tired.

First Conditional

• The first conditional expresses possible future outcomes
• It is used to talk about expectations, plans, and promises
• First conditional sentences have an 'if' clause in the simple present and a result clause in the future simple

Examples:

• If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
• If you finish your homework, we will go.

Negation:

• The negation can be in one or both clauses
• If I wake up at 7:30, I might miss the exam.
• If I wake up at 7:30, I won't miss the exam.
• If I don't wake up at 7:30, I will miss the exam.
• If I don't wake up at 7:30, I won't miss the exam.

Adverbs of Degree

• Adverbs of degree describe the intensity of a verb, adjective, or other adverb
• Examples of adverbs of degree include: fairly, quiet, pretty, very, really, extremely
• 'Not very' weakens the intensity of the adjective or adverb
• 'Too' expresses an excessive degree

Examples:

• This garden is fairly dusty.
• The place is extremely dusty.
• This garden is not very beautiful.
• This soup is too salty.
• He works too hard.
• The exam was too difficult.