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Questions and Answers
Which literary figures are mentioned as exceptions to the extravagances of Puritanism and Paganism, known for their supreme genius?
Which literary figures are mentioned as exceptions to the extravagances of Puritanism and Paganism, known for their supreme genius?
What aspect of literature marked the Elizabethan and early Stuart periods' transition?
What aspect of literature marked the Elizabethan and early Stuart periods' transition?
What was the name given to the relatively peaceful overthrow of James II in 1688?
What was the name given to the relatively peaceful overthrow of James II in 1688?
What key elements dominated the cultivated taste of the time, leading to the emergence of the metaphysical poets?
What key elements dominated the cultivated taste of the time, leading to the emergence of the metaphysical poets?
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What did James II do when he sensed his hopeless situation?
What did James II do when he sensed his hopeless situation?
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Who heralded the pursuit of verbal ingenuities and intellectual subtleties that characterized the taste of the time?
Who heralded the pursuit of verbal ingenuities and intellectual subtleties that characterized the taste of the time?
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What marked the immediate severance during the transition between Elizabethan and early Stuart literature?
What marked the immediate severance during the transition between Elizabethan and early Stuart literature?
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What new constitutional arrangements were established after the 'Glorious Revolution'?
What new constitutional arrangements were established after the 'Glorious Revolution'?
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Which of the following was the result of the Battle of Edgehill in 1642?
Which of the following was the result of the Battle of Edgehill in 1642?
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What was the population of England and Wales in the 17th century?
What was the population of England and Wales in the 17th century?
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What industries expanded rapidly in 17th century England?
What industries expanded rapidly in 17th century England?
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Approximately how many soldiers and civilians perished during the Civil Wars?
Approximately how many soldiers and civilians perished during the Civil Wars?
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Where did Charles I raise his royal standard, signaling the start of open warfare with Parliament?
Where did Charles I raise his royal standard, signaling the start of open warfare with Parliament?
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What characterized the deeper feelings of men during the transition period in terms of focus?
What characterized the deeper feelings of men during the transition period in terms of focus?
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Who was the first person to use coke instead of charcoal to melt iron ore?
Who was the first person to use coke instead of charcoal to melt iron ore?
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What was the significance of the growth of trade and commerce in 17th century England?
What was the significance of the growth of trade and commerce in 17th century England?
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After his defeat at the Battle of Naseby in 1645, where did Charles I initially seek refuge?
After his defeat at the Battle of Naseby in 1645, where did Charles I initially seek refuge?
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From where did Charles I attempt his final effort to save his crown in 1648?
From where did Charles I attempt his final effort to save his crown in 1648?
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What derogatory term was used to describe the courtly dress of the Royalists during the Civil Wars?
What derogatory term was used to describe the courtly dress of the Royalists during the Civil Wars?
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What was the first industry to become mechanized during the Industrial Revolution?
What was the first industry to become mechanized during the Industrial Revolution?
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Which of the following inventions was not mentioned in the text as contributing to the mechanization of the textile industry?
Which of the following inventions was not mentioned in the text as contributing to the mechanization of the textile industry?
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What process did Henry Cort invent in 1784 to improve the production of wrought iron?
What process did Henry Cort invent in 1784 to improve the production of wrought iron?
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Which of the following statements is not true about the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Which of the following statements is not true about the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
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What was the significance of the puddling process invented by Henry Cort?
What was the significance of the puddling process invented by Henry Cort?
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What is the central narrative device used by Samuel Richardson in his novels?
What is the central narrative device used by Samuel Richardson in his novels?
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How does Moll Flanders differ from Robinson Crusoe in terms of plot structure?
How does Moll Flanders differ from Robinson Crusoe in terms of plot structure?
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What is the central theme or focus of Pamela by Samuel Richardson?
What is the central theme or focus of Pamela by Samuel Richardson?
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How does Clarissa differ from Pamela in terms of its ending?
How does Clarissa differ from Pamela in terms of its ending?
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What is a key stylistic innovation attributed to Samuel Richardson?
What is a key stylistic innovation attributed to Samuel Richardson?
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How is the length of Clarissa described in the passage?
How is the length of Clarissa described in the passage?
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Study Notes
English Civil War
- In 1642, Charles I fled London and raised his royal standard at Nottingham, marking the beginning of the English Civil War.
- The war lasted for four years, with Roundheads (Parliamentarians) and Cavaliers (Royalists) fighting each other, resulting in the death of around 100,000 soldiers and civilians and the destruction of 10,000 houses.
- The war led to the defeat of Charles I at the Battle of Naseby in 1645, after which he was placed under house arrest.
Interregnum
- Charles I attempted to regain power in 1648 but was eventually executed in 1649, leading to a period of republican government under Oliver Cromwell.
Restoration and Glorious Revolution
- In 1688, William III crossed the English Channel with a huge invasion fleet, leading to the Glorious Revolution, which established a lasting Protestant settlement in British politics.
- James II fled the country, and William III and Mary II were crowned joint sovereigns in 1689.
- A Bill of Rights was enacted in 1689, implementing new rules and conventions governing the affairs of state, including the requirement for regular sessions of Parliament and the right to free speech.
Social Background
- The population of England and Wales grew steadily during the 17th century, from around 4 million in 1600 to 5 1/2 million by 1700.
- Trade and commerce expanded, and industries such as glass, brick making, iron, and coal mining grew rapidly.
- Technological advances, including the use of coke instead of charcoal in iron production and the development of steam engines, drove industrial growth.
Industrial Revolution
- In the late 18th century, inventions such as the spinning jenny and power looms led to the mechanization of the textile industry.
- Iron production also grew rapidly, with the invention of the puddling process making it possible to produce high-quality iron.
Literature
- During the 17th century, Puritanism and Paganism were in open conflict, influencing literary production.
- John Donne and other "metaphysical" poets dominated the literary scene, focusing on verbal ingenuities and intellectual subtleties.
- In the 18th century, novelists such as Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson developed the genre, with works such as Robinson Crusoe and Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key events that led to the English Civil War in 1642, including Charles fleeing London, raising the royal standard at Nottingham, and the Battle of Edgehill.
