English and Mathematics Concepts Quiz

Study Notes

Antonym: The opposite of a word.
Ephemeral: Lasting for a short time.
Theme: The central message or idea in a literary work.
Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something that a character doesn't.
Punctuation: Correctly placing commas, quotation marks, and other marks to make a sentence clear.
Simile: A comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as."
Unreliable Narrator: A narrator whose perspective or credibility is questionable.
Metaphor: A direct comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as."
Antagonist: The character who opposes the protagonist.
Passive Voice: A sentence structure where the subject receives the action.
Enjambment: A poetic technique where a sentence continues without punctuation at the end of a line.

Quadratic Equation: An equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0.
Derivative: The rate of change of a function.
Area of a Circle: πr², where r is the radius.
Integral: Represents the area under a curve on a graph.
Discriminant: The part of the quadratic formula (b² - 4ac) that tells you the nature of the roots of the equation.
Determinant: A scalar value for a matrix.
Sine Function: A trigonometric function that relates an angle of a right triangle to the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse.
Natural Logarithm: The logarithm to the base e (approximately 2.718).
Exponent: A number that indicates how many times a base number is multiplied by itself.
Interior Angles of a Polygon: The sum of the interior angles of an n-sided polygon is (n-2)180°.

Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.
Protein Synthesis: The process of creating proteins from DNA instructions using ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Complementary DNA Strand: The opposite strand of DNA with complementary base pairs.
Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using chlorophyll.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): A series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells, breaking down glucose for energy.
Passive Transport: Movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy.
Phospholipids: The main component of cell membranes.
DNA Base Pairing: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
Lactase: An enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk.
Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a particular trait.
Genetic Material: DNA, found in the nucleus of a cell.

Newton: The unit of force.
Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity.
Resistance: Opposition to the flow of electric current.
Coulomb's Law: The force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Energy: The ability to do work.
Tesla: The unit of magnetic field strength.
Projectile Motion: The motion of an object launched into the air.
Speed of Sound: The rate at which sound waves travel through a medium.
Photon: A particle of light.
Scalar Quantity: A quantity that has only magnitude (size), not direction.

Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom.
pH: A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Photosynthesis Byproduct: Oxygen is released as a byproduct during photosynthesis.
Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat.
Group 1 of the Periodic Table: Contains the alkali metals.