English 9 - 3rd Quarter Exam Reviewer: Participial Phrases and Gerunds

Participial Phrases and Gerunds

• A gerund is a word that ends with -ing but functions as a noun.
• Examples of gerund phrases include "Teaching students is his job" and "Taking your vitamins daily will keep you healthy."
• Gerund phrases can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.

Verbal Participles

• A verbal participle is a verbal formed from verbs by adding -ing, -ed, -d, or -en.
• Verbal participles function as adjectives.
• Examples of verbal participles include "The twinkling stars flashes in the sky."

One Act Play

• A one act play is a complete play that consists of a single act.
• Features of one act plays include:
  • Brevity: 10 to 60 minutes, making them concise and focused.
  • Compact storyline: plays typically focus on a storyline or theme, allowing for a concentrated exploration of characters and conflicts.
  • Limited characters: features a smaller cast of characters.
  • Single setting: takes place in a single location.
  • Intense impact: aims to create a single, powerful, and immediate impact on the audience within a condensed timeframe.
  • Potential for exploration: can explore complex characters, themes, and conflicts.
  • Suitable for short performances: well suited for short performances.

Literary Elements in Drama

• Allegory: symbolic representation of characters, images.
• Mood: sets the atmosphere.
• Theme: underlying message of drama (what was the story all about?).

Free Verse

• A form of poetry that arose through the French verse libre form.
• Does not have:
  • Meter patterns
  • Rhyme
  • Musical pattern

Poets and Poetic Forms

• Carl Sandburg: an American poet, historian, and novelist.
• Example of his work: "Chicago"
• Common meter: refers to hymnal stanza, a verb that ends with -ing but functions as a noun and an adjective.
• Used in ballads, consisting of 4 lines, with iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter.

Literary Devices

• Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds.
• Repetition: repeating words.
• Imagery: "mental image" - creates image that is perceived within our five senses through the author or writer's words.
• Five senses:
  • Tacticle: touch
  • Audio/audial: hearing
  • Olfactory: smell
  • Gustatory: taste
  • Visual: sight

Southern Gothic Fiction

• Grotesque: characters in the story are odd.
• Historicism: an artifact of a specific place in a particular time, referring to the approach interpreted by considering the historical contexts in which it was written.
• Influenced by the time period in which it was created.

Prepare for your 3rd quarter English exam with this review focusing on the placement and punctuation of participial phrases and gerunds. Learn how to correctly identify and use gerund phrases, present participles, and verbal participles.