English 9 - 3rd Quarter Exam Reviewer: Participial Phrases and Gerunds

Participial Phrases and Gerunds

• A gerund is a word that ends with -ing but functions as a noun.
• Examples of gerund phrases include "Teaching students is his job" and "Taking your vitamins daily will keep you healthy."
• Gerund phrases can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.

Verbal Participles

• A verbal participle is a verbal formed from verbs by adding -ing, -ed, -d, or -en.
• Verbal participles function as adjectives.
• Examples of verbal participles include "The twinkling stars flashes in the sky."

One Act Play

• A one act play is a complete play that consists of a single act.
• Features of one act plays include:
  • Brevity: 10 to 60 minutes, making them concise and focused.
  • Compact storyline: plays typically focus on a storyline or theme, allowing for a concentrated exploration of characters and conflicts.
  • Limited characters: features a smaller cast of characters.
  • Single setting: takes place in a single location.
  • Intense impact: aims to create a single, powerful, and immediate impact on the audience within a condensed timeframe.
  • Potential for exploration: can explore complex characters, themes, and conflicts.
  • Suitable for short performances: well suited for short performances.

Literary Elements in Drama

• Allegory: symbolic representation of characters, images.
• Mood: sets the atmosphere.
• Theme: underlying message of drama (what was the story all about?).

Free Verse

• A form of poetry that arose through the French verse libre form.
• Does not have:
  • Meter patterns
  • Rhyme
  • Musical pattern

Poets and Poetic Forms

• Carl Sandburg: an American poet, historian, and novelist.
• Example of his work: "Chicago"
• Common meter: refers to hymnal stanza, a verb that ends with -ing but functions as a noun and an adjective.
• Used in ballads, consisting of 4 lines, with iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter.

Literary Devices

• Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds.
• Repetition: repeating words.
• Imagery: "mental image" - creates image that is perceived within our five senses through the author or writer's words.
• Five senses:
  • Tacticle: touch
  • Audio/audial: hearing
  • Olfactory: smell
  • Gustatory: taste
  • Visual: sight

Southern Gothic Fiction

• Grotesque: characters in the story are odd.
• Historicism: an artifact of a specific place in a particular time, referring to the approach interpreted by considering the historical contexts in which it was written.
• Influenced by the time period in which it was created.