England and Wales Census Data 1841-2021

• Census data and job statistics spanning from 1841 to 2021

Population Growth in England and Wales

• Population doubled from 10 million in 1811 to 20 million in 1861, taking 50 years
• Population doubled again to 40 million by 1931 in 70 years
• Population has not yet increased by half in the last 90 years
• There was an estimated 59 million in the UK in 2020, and UK 66m.
• The population of England and Wales was:
  • 9 million in 1801
  • 10 million in 1811
  • 12 million in 1821
  • 14 million in 1831
  • 16 million in 1841
  • 18 million in 1851
  • 20 million in 1861
  • 23 million in 1871
  • 26 million in 1881
  • 29 million in 1891
  • 33 million in 1901
  • 36 million in 1911
  • 38 million in 1921
  • 40 million in 1931
  • 44 million in 1951
  • 46 million in 1961
  • 49 million in 1971
  • 49 million in 1981
  • 51 million in 1991
  • 52 million in 2001
  • 56 million in 2011

Workforce and Occupations

• In 1841, the total population stood at 16 million
• The Industrial Revolution had started introducing manual labor
• Nearly 1.5 million worked in agriculture
• Over a million individuals were employed as domestic servants
• Significant numbers were involved in manufacturing:
  • 300,000 making cotton
  • 300,000 in cotton-related industries like weaving, dressmaking, and tailoring
  • 100,000 coal miners
  • 6,000 tin miners
  • 200,000 boot makers
  • 100,000 blacksmiths
  • 20,000 barrel makers
  • 200 fish hook makers
• In 1931, previous occupations still existed with mining and quarrying sectors booming
  • Nearly a million worked in mining and quarrying
  • 1.5 million metalworkers
  • A million office clerks
  • A million working in shops
• Half a million doctors, solicitors, and teachers
• By 2011, workforce diversity increased significantly
  • Millions employed in science, engineering, and technology
  • 3 million managers and directors
  • 1 million in healthcare, including 0.5 million nurses
  • Over 2 million in retail
  • Millions in hospitality, cleaning, catering, and travel
  • 250,000 hairdressers
  • 800,000 drivers of various vehicles
  • 200,000 servicing cars
• Arose jobs such as Florists, beauticians, and baristas
• By 2021, a rise in tech-related jobs such as Uber drivers, web designers, cyber security experts, bloggers, and software engineers

2011 Census Job Statistics

• The census provided a detailed breakdown of the workforce
  • 31,225 Midwives with 98.9% female (30,925)
  • 10,674 Speech and language therapists with 96.5% female (10,298)
  • 12,513 Veterinary nurses with 96.2% female (12,040)
  • 66,600 Beauticians and related occupations with 92.1% female (61,370)
  • 16,132 Florists with 89.7% female (14,466)
  • 29,823 Sewing machinists with 83.3% female (24,849)
  • 527,579 Nurses with 88.1% female (464,982)
  • 18,699 Librarians with 77.3% female (14,445)
  • 127,518 Bus and coach drivers with 8.2% female (10,402)
  • 259 Van drivers with 7.3% female (18,922)
  • 20,210 Train and tram drivers with 6.5% female (1,311)
  • 11,952 Water and sewage plant operatives with 6.3% female (750)
  • 174,780 Taxi and cab drivers and chauffeurs with 5.2% female (9,005)
  • 10,860 Street cleaners with 5.1% female (557)
  • 29,767 Window cleaners with 3.6% female (1,083)
  • 26,526 Groundsmen and greenkeepers with 2.1% female (563)
  • 233,861 Large goods vehicle drivers with 1.8% female (4,139)
  • 72,543 Bricklayers and masons with 1.4% female (1,025)
  • 227,507 Carpenters and joiners with 1.2% female (2,744)
  • 48,286 Plasterers with 1.2% female (570)
  • 11,151 Pipe fitters with 0.7% female (83)

1931 Census Occupational Data

• In 1931, 47% of the population was working (18,853 individuals)
  • The distribution was divided by 13,247 males (90% of men over 14)
  • 5,606 females (33% of women over 14)
• Detailed look at various sectors:
  • Metal Workers: Total 1,445,894 (6.6% female)
    • Smiths and skilled forge workers 100,953
    • Metal machinists 155,708
  • Fitters (make and assemble metal things) 419,190 (0.3% female)
  • Domestic servants: 1,410,713 (94.4% female)
  • Agricultural occupations 1,172,256 (4.8% female)
  • Office clerks 1,020,697 (34.6% female)
  • Textile workers: 875,094 (65.6% female)
  • Makers of textile goods: 819,547 (66.2% female)
  • Salesmen and shop assistants: 794,939 (49.6% female)
  • Builders, bricklayers, masons: 692,958 (0.1% female)
  • Retail business proprietors: 569,127 (26.3% female)
  • Professional occupations: 746,085 (52.2% female)

1841 Census Occupational Data

• Dominant occupations include:
  • Agricultural labourer: 1,127,108
  • Domestic servant: 1,143,007
  • Cotton Manufacture: 280,898 (51.6% female)
  • Dress Maker: 106,801 (99.4% female)
  • Farmer and grazier: 300,123
  • Tailors: 126,137 (50.8% female)
  • Weavers: 110,000 (30.9% female)

Social and Health Facts in 2011

• England and Wales had a population of 56.1 million
• A 7% increase (3.7 million) since 2001, half of which was due to migration
• 1 in 6 individuals was aged 65 or over (16%, 9.2 million)
• 4 out of 5 people considered themselves in good or very good health
• 10% (5.8 million) provided unpaid care for someone with an illness or disability, around 2.1 million providing 20 or more hours a week

Religious and Ethnic Composition

• Christian affiliation decreased from 72% (37.3 million) in 2001 to 59% (33.2 million), a 13% drop
• No religious affiliation increased from 15% to 25%, a 10% increase
• White ethnic group made up 86% (48.2 million) of the population in 2011
• White British accounted for 80%
• London reported 45% White British

Household Characteristics

• 12% of households had people with partners or household members of different ethnic groups in 2011, up by 3% since 2001
• 13% (7.5 million) were born outside of the UK
• Just over half (3.8 million) arrived in the last 10 years
• 64% (14.9 million) of households owned their home in 2011 which included outright
• Private rentals increased to 15% (3.6 million) in 2011, up from 9% (1.9 million) in 2001

Unusual and 'Cool' Job Titles

• Unusual jobs recorded from census data:
  • Valentine maker (1871)
  • Mole catcher (1871)
  • Fancy goods manufacture (1841)
  • Puddlers (1921)
  • Trolloper (1931)
  • Catsmeat dealer (1871)
  • Orris weaver (1871)
  • Sponge merchant, dealer (1871)
  • Crow scarer (1951)
  • Spade hand (1951)
• Examples of job titles that sounded "cooler" in the 1800s:
  • Tallow chandler (1871) which is now a candle maker
  • Artist of hair (1841) which is now a hairdresser
  • Lace agent (1841) which is a lace manufacturer/retailer
  • Milk-seller and cow-keeper (1841) which is a dairy farmer
  • Vermin destroyer (1841) which is a pest control officer
  • Persons making and repairing roads (1921) = highways
  • "Makers of foods" (1921) = food producer
• The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) is updated every 10 years with roughly 400 codes
• jobs added in 2010 includes web designer, counsellors, air conditioning and refrigeration engineers, and vehicle valeters and cleaners
• Codes removed in 2010 includes software developers, stevedores/dockers/slingers, and labourers in foundries
• Titles recently added to the index include tattoo artist, youtuber, blogger, vlogger, commercial drone pilot, cloud architect, and cyber security analyst
• Weir job descriptions: tosorial artist (barber), vision technician (window cleaner), sandwich artist (sandwich maker), underwater ceramics engineer (washer-up), ethical hacker, IT testers, amibent replenishment operator and mixologist

Lunatics

• The number of lunatics over the years
  • There was 24,000 in 1861
  • 52,000 in 1881
  • 84,000 in 1901

World War II Casualties

• 450,000 British people died in WW2, which was 1% of the population
• Mostly men that died