Engineering Physics for ICT
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for calculating the electric field E created by a point charge Q?

  • $E = k \frac{Q}{r}$
  • $E = \frac{q}{F}$
  • $E = k \frac{|Q|}{r^2}$ (correct)
  • $E = \frac{F}{k}$

How is the electric field strength related to the density of field lines?

  • It is independent of the number of field lines.
  • It is proportional to the square of the number of field lines.
  • It is inversely proportional to the number of field lines.
  • It is directly proportional to the number of field lines per unit area. (correct)

Which unit is NOT commonly used to express electric field strength?

  • C/kg (correct)
  • N/C
  • V/m
  • N/m²

What is the direction of electric field lines around a positive charge?

<p>They point away from the charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two unlike charges are placed close to each other, how do their electric field lines behave?

<p>They will attract each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a proton is placed in an electric field, in which direction will it move when near a positive charge?

<p>It will move away from the positive charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences the strength of the electric field created by a point charge?

<p>The distance from the charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the electric field lines if two like charges are brought close together?

<p>They will repel and diverge away from each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is instantaneous velocity calculated?

<p>As the slope of a tangent line to the position-time graph (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative slope on a position-time graph indicate?

<p>The object is moving backwards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing projectile motion, what remains constant in the x-direction?

<p>The velocity in the x-direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation can be used to find the vertical motion of a projectile?

<p>y = y0 + v0yt - gt^2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dividing velocities into x- and y-components?

<p>To visualize the scenario as right-angled triangles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the river's flow on the direction you need to row to cross directly?

<p>Rowing upstream offsets the river’s current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a (t, v)-graph, how is instantaneous acceleration determined?

<p>As the slope of the velocity-time graph (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the time of flight in projectile motion?

<p>The motion of the object in the y-direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of electromagnets in various machines?

<p>They create a magnetic field that can be controlled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the direction of the magnetic field determined in relation to the current?

<p>By the thumb of the right hand rule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a charged particle moving in a magnetic field?

<p>It experiences a force that is perpendicular to its velocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the magnitude of the magnetic force on a charged particle?

<p>F = qvB sin θ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the magnetic field strength B?

<p>It is defined in terms of the force on a charged particle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative charge experience when moving in a magnetic field?

<p>The force is directed opposite to the field strength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the optimal case for calculating magnetic force?

<p>When the velocity vector and the magnetic field are perpendicular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit measures magnetic field strength?

<p>Tesla (T) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Kirchoff’s current law state about currents at a node in a circuit?

<p>The sum of currents flowing into the node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the voltage drop across a resistor determined when going against the current?

<p>It is considered positive since moving against current goes to higher potential. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is recommended before applying Kirchoff's laws in circuit analysis?

<p>Draw the schematic and mark the direction of the currents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Kirchoff’s voltage law state about potential differences around any closed loop?

<p>The directed sum of the potential differences around any closed loop is zero. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle can be used to calculate voltage drops in a circuit?

<p>Ohm's law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the role of resistors in a circuit concerning voltage?

<p>Resistors cause voltage drops while voltage sources supply energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about DC circuit analysis?

<p>Different methods of analysis have unique advantages and disadvantages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In electrical circuit notation, what does the symbol Σ represent?

<p>Sum of current or voltage values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transformers in power distribution systems?

<p>To change high voltage electricity to lower voltage electricity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical law do transformers operate based on?

<p>Faraday’s Law of Induction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a transformer, what does the term 'ratio of loops' refer to?

<p>The relationship between primary and secondary coil loop counts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the iron core in a transformer affect its operation?

<p>It traps the magnetic field and increases field strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary voltage to secondary voltage relationship expressed in the transformer equation?

<p>$V_s/N_s = V_p/N_p$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about the efficiency of transformers in practical use?

<p>Transformer efficiency often exceeds 99% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using alternating current (AC) in transformers?

<p>Produces a sine waveform in output voltage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to power input compared to power output in an ideal transformer?

<p>Power input equals power output if resistance is negligible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the work done when forces oppose the direction of motion?

<p>The work is negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the force is relevant in calculating work done on an object during its motion?

<p>The component of force parallel to the direction of travel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between perpendicular forces and work done?

<p>Perpendicular forces do no work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the work done when a force varies along the path of movement?

<p>By integrating the force function over the distance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula represents kinetic energy?

<p>$E_K = rac{1}{2}mv^2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes potential energy from kinetic energy?

<p>Potential energy is energy due to position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used for the change in kinetic energy?

<p>$\Delta E_K = \frac{1}{2}m(v_2^2 - v_1^2)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is it necessary to account for the changing force when calculating work?

<p>When the force varies along the path (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Instantaneous velocity

The rate of change of an object's position with respect to time.

Instantaneous velocity calculation

The slope of a tangent line on a position-time graph at a specific time.

Instantaneous acceleration

The rate of change of an object's velocity with respect to time.

Instantaneous acceleration calculation

The slope of a tangent line on a velocity-time graph at a specific time.

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Motion in 2-Dimensions

Movement in a two-dimensional plane.

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Resultant velocity in 2D

The combination of velocities in x and y directions, creating a resultant velocity.

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Projectile Motion

The motion of an object under the influence of gravity, with a constant horizontal velocity and a changing vertical velocity.

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Range of a projectile

The horizontal distance traveled by a projectile.

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Work done by opposing forces

Work done by forces opposing motion is negative. If the force and direction of motion are not aligned, only the component of the force parallel to the direction of motion does work.

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Perpendicular force and work

The component of a force that's perpendicular to the direction of movement does not contribute to work.

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Work done by non-constant force

The work done by a non-constant force is calculated by integrating the force function over the distance traveled.

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Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It is calculated as half the mass times the square of the velocity.

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Potential Energy

Potential energy is the stored energy due to an object's position. It is not energy itself but the potential to do work.

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Work-Energy Theorem

The change in kinetic energy of an object is equal to the net work done on it.

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Electric Field Definition

The electric field at a point is the force experienced by a unit positive test charge placed at that point. It is independent of the test charge itself and is solely determined by the source charge.

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Electric Field Lines

The electric field is represented by field lines. These lines point in the direction of the force on a positive test charge. Where the lines are closer together, the electric field is stronger.

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Electric Field of a Point Charge

The electric field due to a point charge is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the charge.

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Electric Field Unit

The SI unit for electric field strength is Newton per Coulomb (N/C). It represents the force experienced by a one Coulomb charge placed in the electric field.

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Superposition of Electric Fields

The electric field caused by multiple charges is the vector sum of the individual electric fields created by each charge. This means we add the fields vectorially, taking into account both their magnitudes and directions.

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Field Lines Never Intersect

Field lines of electric fields never intersect each other. If they did, it would imply that a positive test charge would experience two different forces at the same point, which is impossible.

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Electric Field Strength and Field Lines

The electric field strength is proportional to the density of field lines. More field lines per unit area indicate a stronger electric field.

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Electric Field as a Vector

The electric field is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude (strength) and direction. The direction of the electric field is the direction of the force on a positive test charge.

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Kirchoff's Current Law

The sum of currents going into a node in a circuit equals the sum of currents leaving it, taking into account the direction of current flow.

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Kirchoff's Voltage Law

The sum of all voltage drops and rises around any closed loop in a circuit is always zero.

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Ohm's Law

The voltage drop across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

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Voltage Drop Direction

The voltage drop across a resistor is positive if you move against the direction of current flow in the loop.

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Series Resistance

The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of individual resistances.

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Parallel Resistance

The reciprocal of the total resistance in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances.

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DC Circuit Analysis

A systematic approach for analyzing DC circuits, based on Kirchoff's laws.

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Circuit Analysis Steps

Drawing a schematic diagram, labeling components, and specifying directions of currents helps to understand the circuit and define the problem.

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Electromagnet

A magnetic field created by the flow of electric current through a wire.

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Transformer Equation

The ratio of secondary to primary voltages in a transformer equals the ratio of the number of loops in their coils.

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Primary and Secondary Coils

Transformers use two coils, a primary and a secondary, to change the voltage. The primary coil receives the input voltage and the secondary coil produces the output voltage.

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Right-hand rule for magnetic fields

The direction of the magnetic field lines around a current-carrying wire can be determined using the right-hand rule. Point your thumb in the direction of the current, and your curled fingers will show the direction of the magnetic field.

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High Voltage Transmission

Power is sent over long distances at high voltages because less current is required for a given amount of power, resulting in less line loss.

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Magnetic force on a moving charge

The force exerted on a moving charged particle in a magnetic field, which is perpendicular to both the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field.

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Magnetic flux density (B)

The strength of a magnetic field, measured in Tesla (T).

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Transformers in Power Distribution

Transformers are used to change the voltage in power distribution systems, making it safer and more efficient for use in homes and businesses.

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Iron Core's Role

The iron core in a transformer increases the magnetic field strength, making the transformation process more efficient.

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Magnetic force equation (F = qvBsinθ)

The relationship between the magnetic force on a moving charge, the charge, the velocity of the charge, the magnetic field strength, and the angle between the velocity and magnetic field. The maximum force occurs when the velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic field.

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Right-hand rule for magnetic force (positive charge)

The right-hand rule is used to determine the direction of the magnetic force on a moving positive charge. Point your thumb in the direction of the velocity, your fingers in the direction of the magnetic field, and your palm will face the direction of the force.

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Alternating Current (AC)

Alternating current (AC) is constantly changing in magnitude and direction, making it suitable for long-distance power transmission and household appliances.

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Secondary Voltage Induction

The induced secondary voltage in a transformer depends on the primary voltage and the ratio of loops in each coil.

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Right-hand rule for magnetic force (negative charge)

The right-hand rule is used to determine the direction of the magnetic force on a moving negative charge. Point your thumb in the direction of the velocity, your fingers in the direction of the magnetic field, and the back of your hand will face the direction of the force.

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Transformer Efficiency

The power input to a transformer is nearly equal to the power output, with transformers often having efficiencies above 99%.

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Charged particle motion in a magnetic field

The phenomenon where a charged particle moving in a magnetic field follows a circular path. The radius of the circle depends on the particle's charge, velocity, mass, and the magnetic field strength.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • This book is for an engineering physics course in ICT
  • It provides basic information about physics topics
  • More examples are covered in class
  • Not meant to be the sole source of knowledge
  • Check OpenStax AP College Physics and Physics classroom for further reading
  • The Organic Chemistry Tutor and Khan Academy are recommended YouTube channels
  • Students should solve problems themselves, rather than relying on pre-solved answers from online resources.

Contents

  • SI - International system of units
    • Includes discussion on units and prefixes
  • Kinematics
    • Displacement, time, and average velocity
    • Average acceleration
    • Equations for uniform motion
    • Graphs, velocity, acceleration, and slope
    • Motion in 2-dimensions
  • Mechanics
    • Definition of a force
    • Free body diagrams
    • Common types of forces
      • Gravitational force
      • Normal forces
      • Friction forces
      • Tension in cables
  • Energy
    • Work
    • Kinetic and potential energy
    • Conservation of energy
  • Static electricity
    • Charge and conservation of charge
    • Coulomb's law
    • Electric fields
  • DC Circuits
    • Resistance and Ohm's law
    • Kirchoff's laws
    • Circuit analysis
  • Electromagnetism
    • Magnetism related to current and vice versa
    • Charged particle in a magnetic field
    • Magnetic field of a conductor
  • Electromagnetic induction and AC
    • Faraday's law and Lenz's law
    • Transformers
    • Alternating current

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics from the engineering physics course tailored for ICT students. It includes concepts from kinematics, mechanics, and energy, along with the International System of Units (SI). Students should focus on problem-solving and understanding the principles rather than relying solely on external resources.

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