Engineering Ethics and Responsibilities

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Questions and Answers

What is a key consideration for engineers when designing projects?

  • Increasing production regardless of ethical concerns
  • Minimizing project costs only
  • Ensuring public good and safety (correct)
  • Maximizing personal gain

What does the Greek term 'arete' relate to in the context of engineering ethics?

  • Multitasking abilities
  • Financial success
  • Excellence or virtue (correct)
  • Leadership skills

In ethical dilemmas, what might conflict with loyalty to colleagues?

  • Technical expertise
  • Personal ambitions (correct)
  • Team collaboration
  • Project deadlines

Which of the following is NOT a consideration in moral or ethical dilemmas?

<p>Environmental impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do moral values play in the engineering profession?

<p>They structure relationships and communities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ethical evaluation important in engineering actions?

<p>To balance moral obligations and rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of moral issues is highlighted in the design of a chicken coop?

<p>Safety for villagers and humane conditions for chickens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ethical standards is true?

<p>They are usually relative and personal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary responsibility of engineers in social experimentation during projects?

<p>To ensure benefit creation and prevent harm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theme emphasizes the relationship between ethics and engineering excellence?

<p>Moral values influence technological development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a more critical aspect than punishing wrongdoing in engineering ethics?

<p>Promoting responsible conduct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to ethical dilemmas in engineering?

<p>Abundance of ethical guidelines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are micro and macro issues relevant to engineering ethics?

<p>They often influence each other and should be explored together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should engineers consider to prevent risks in their projects?

<p>Potential hazards as well as long-term consequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant ethical issue in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster?

<p>Failure to conduct an extra evaluation following prior incidents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these actions is essential for engineers during a project?

<p>Monitoring projects and being ready for any danger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily concerns the decisions made by individuals and companies?

<p>Micro ethical issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Ford Explorer and Bridgestone/Firestone case study?

<p>High rates of fatalities and injuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes macro ethical issues?

<p>Relates to technological development directions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of engineering ethics?

<p>It evaluates moral justification in decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of technology, which ethical concern is emphasized?

<p>Balancing safety and environmental impacts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major criticisms of SUVs mentioned in the material?

<p>Increased instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of ethics is specifically considered in engineering practice?

<p>Moral desirability of decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What often drives macro ethical issues in society?

<p>Technological advancements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of personal commitment for engineers?

<p>Integrating personal commitments with shared responsibilities in ethics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'preventive ethics' aim to achieve?

<p>Preventing moral harm and ethical dilemmas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can engineers demonstrate responsible conduct?

<p>By being value-driven rather than just compliance-driven (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Enron scandal?

<p>The largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, losing $60 billion in shareholder value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to ethical dilemmas according to the content?

<p>Conflicts among varying moral obligations and values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energizes workers in the context of redesigning the artificial lung?

<p>Concrete evidence of their efforts making a difference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should engineers primarily focus on according to the ethical considerations discussed?

<p>Integrating ethical considerations with engineering practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between ethics and excellence in engineering?

<p>Ethics underpins the quest for excellence in engineering. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of responsibility involves simply being a cause of an event?

<p>Causal responsibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virtue can be attributed to some corporations but not to others?

<p>Public spiritedness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic that distinguishes legal responsibility?

<p>It is defined by laws and regulations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a virtue associated with corporations?

<p>Greed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which responsibility type is primarily concerned with blame or praise?

<p>Moral responsibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best represents an incongruent virtue with corporate ethics?

<p>Self-interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is considered a part of causal responsibility?

<p>Being a direct cause of an event (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Legal responsibility primarily ensures compliance with which of the following?

<p>Legislative requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one ethical issue related to the Citicorp Tower case?

<p>Relying solely on building codes for structural integrity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of professional responsibility was neglected by LeMessurier?

<p>Following codes of conduct for every chartered institution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of concealing the Citicorp Tower's design issues?

<p>Delayed advancements in professional knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change was made to the Citicorp Tower's construction in response to the wind load analysis?

<p>Converting welded connections to bolted connections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What responsibility should engineers prioritize based on the ethical issues presented in the Citicorp Tower case?

<p>Ensuring public safety as a primary concern. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant oversight in the calculations for the Citicorp Tower?

<p>Overlooking the impact of diagonal wind loads. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the switch from welded to bolted connections in the Citicorp Tower significant?

<p>It indicated a momentary decision rather than a thorough analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that limited the ethical learning from the Citicorp Tower incident?

<p>Concealment of the design problems for nearly two decades. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Engineering as a social experiment

Engineering projects are like experiments that have the potential to create both good things and bad things. Engineers are responsible for making sure the good outweighs the bad, and for warning about any possible dangers.

Preventive Ethics

Engineers have a duty to look for and prevent potential risks during the design, construction, and operation of any project.

Monitoring Engineering Projects

Engineers not only have to design and build things, but they also have to keep a watchful eye on their projects to make sure they are safe and working correctly.

Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster

The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster happened because a piece of foam insulation hit the shuttle during launch, causing damage that eventually led to its destruction.

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Lesson from Challenger

The Columbia disaster was not the first time a similar problem happened. In 1986, the Challenger space shuttle also failed due to a faulty component, which should have raised alarms and prompted additional safety measures.

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Importance of Lessons Learned

Failing to learn from past mistakes can have serious consequences. The lack of attention to the similar incident with the Challenger shuttle contributed to the Columbia disaster.

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Ethics in Technology

Ethics play a crucial role in engineering, influencing all aspects of designing and developing technology.

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Cautious Optimism

Engineers are responsible for making sure that technological development is done in a way that benefits society and minimizes potential risks, encouraging optimism while also exercising cautious judgment.

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Ignoring Moral Issues

Moral issues that are ignored or overlooked can lead to negative consequences, such as endangering people's safety or compromising their well-being.

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Ignoring Ethical Issues

Ethical issues are essential considerations in engineering projects. Ignoring them can lead to faulty designs, improper evaluations, and compromised safety standards.

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Moral Values in Engineering

Moral values are fundamental principles that guide ethical conduct and decision-making. They play a vital role in shaping engineering projects.

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Moral Values in Engineering Projects

Moral values significantly influence various aspects of engineering projects, including safety standards, community building within organizations, and the character of engineers themselves.

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Moral Dilemmas in Engineering

This refers to the ethical dilemmas that arise when conflicting moral obligations, duties, or values present challenges in decision-making.

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Engineering Ethics Beyond Rules

Engineering ethics encompasses a broader spectrum of moral values than just rules, punishments, and immediate problems. It involves fostering ethical relationships and communities.

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"Arete" in Engineering

The ancient Greek concept of "arete" embodies both excellence and virtue, highlighting the importance of achieving high standards while upholding ethical principles in engineering.

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Ethical Standards: Relativity and Subjectivity

Ethical standards are often subjective and influenced by individual values. Defining an absolute standard for ethical behavior can be challenging.

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Personal Commitment in Engineering

The obligation of engineers to uphold ethical principles and fulfil responsibilities defined by their profession's code of ethics.

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Myriad Moral Reasons

Moral values that can conflict, requiring careful judgment to find a balance.

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Complying with Professional Standards

The obligation of engineers to comply with professional standards and avoid actions that could harm others or the profession.

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Value-Driven Approach

The need for engineers to prioritize values over simply adhering to regulations.

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Artificial Lung Case Study

A team of engineers working on a challenging task, demonstrating the importance of seeing the tangible impact of their efforts.

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Enron Scandal

A significant company failure due to unethical practices, highlighting the importance of ethical behavior in business.

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Codes of Ethics as a Solution

The use of ethical guidelines to resolve conflicts between different moral values in engineering practice.

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Moral Hope in Engineering

The ability to see the potential for using reasoned conversations to resolve moral dilemmas in engineering.

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Integrity in Engineering

Staying committed to ethical principles even when faced with difficult situations.

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Design Changes in Engineering

In the Citicorp Tower case, engineers had to change the design from welded to bolted connections to fix a critical structural issue.

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Going Beyond Building Codes

Engineers have a responsibility to look beyond minimum requirements and ensure their designs meet the highest standards of safety.

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Responsibility in Engineering

When engineers make mistakes, they cannot hide them. Their work is visible and has real-world consequences.

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Public Statements in Engineering

The Citicorp Tower case highlighted the importance of transparency and honesty in engineering.

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Public Safety in Engineering

Engineers must prioritize public safety and avoid actions that could put people at risk.

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Learning from Mistakes in Engineering

Engineers should share their knowledge and lessons learned to advance the field and prevent future mistakes.

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Micro Ethical Issues

Decisions made by individuals and companies concerning ethical issues, like product safety or employee treatment.

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Macro Ethical Issues

Broader ethical concerns related to technology, legal frameworks, and collective responsibilities of groups like engineering societies.

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Ford Explorer and Bridgestone/Firestone Case Study

The Ford Explorer and Bridgestone/Firestone case showcases the ethical fallout from a faulty tire design, ultimately resulting in numerous fatalities and injuries. It exemplifies how individual companies (micro) and broader safety issues (macro) can intertwine.

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Cautious Optimism in Technology

While technology offers immense benefits, it also comes with risks that need to be carefully considered. Engineers must be aware of both the positive and negative impacts of their work, ensuring safety and environmental protection.

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Engineering Ethics

The branch of ethics that specifically focuses on ethical considerations within the field of engineering, encompassing design, research, and practices.

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Descriptive Ethics in Engineering

A descriptive understanding of ethics that analyzes what individuals or groups actually believe and how they act, without necessarily validating their beliefs and actions.

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Descriptive Ethics in Engineering (Social Science Aspect)

A descriptive understanding of ethics that analyses what individuals or groups actually believe and how they act, without necessarily validating their beliefs and actions.

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Causal Responsibility

The responsibility that arises when someone or something is a direct cause of an event. It's simply about the 'who' or 'what' made something happen.

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Legal Responsibility

The legal obligations and duties enforced by a court or legal system. It's about what the law says you should or shouldn't do.

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Corporate Virtues

The character traits or virtues considered desirable in a corporation, like honesty, fairness, and social responsibility. Not all companies have these qualities.

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Wrongdoing or Blameworthiness

Whether actions are wrong or right, worthy of praise or blame. It's about judging the morality of someone's behavior.

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Study Notes

Engineering Ethics Chapter 1

  • Covered topics include Scope of Engineering Ethics, Accepting and Sharing Responsibility, Responsible Professionals and Ethical Corporation, and Ethics Vocabulary.
  • The course was prepared and modified by Dr. Omar Alkhatib, Dr. Mohammed Hamadan, Jon, and Mohammed Esmaail Shakfah.
  • The course was given in Spring 2021.

Ethics Vocabulary

  • Morals: Concerns the goodness of voluntary human conduct.
  • Morals: Latin word (mores) refers to aspects of human action.
  • Morality: Standards or principles derived from society or individuals. It's synonymous with goodness.
  • Morality: Concerns respecting persons and oneself, being fair and meeting obligations.
  • Moral framework: A set of codes that guide behavior, like personal values and society beliefs.
  • Ethics: Studies which actions are morally justified.
  • Ethical framework: A set of professional guidelines (like codes of ethics).
  • Value: Personal beliefs on what is right and wrong.
  • Ethical/moral issue: Any issue with the potential to harm or benefit others.
  • Ethical responsibility: The ability to recognize obligations, interpret values, and act ethically.
  • Legal: Set of rules or action "Law" by government/country.
  • Classification of Actions: Ethical, Unethical, Legal, Illegal. Actions can be Legal and Ethical, Ethical but Illegal, Unethical but Legal, and Illegal and Unethical.

Scope of Engineering Ethics

  • Engineering projects are social experiments.
  • Engineers share responsibility to create benefits, prevent harm, and point out dangers.
  • Moral values permeate all aspects of technological development.
  • Ethics are crucial to engineering excellence.
  • Personal meaning and commitment matter in engineering ethics.
  • Promoting responsible conduct is significant.
  • Ethical dilemmas are common due to numerous and often conflicting values.
  • Technological development should be cautiously optimistic.

Cases Studies

  • Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster (2003): Insulation foam from the fuel tank caused the disaster. Ethical issues were ignored: similar prior events, no extra evaluation, escape plans, safety and lives.
  • Students Designing Chicken Coops: Freshman course project exploring ethical considerations in engineering.
  • Saving Citicorp Tower: Engineering practices and safety standards were ignored by management. The public and safety concerns were prioritized in the final analysis.
  • Artificial Lung: A team of engineers are reengineering an artificial lung. Workers were energized by saving people's lives and overcoming challenging conditions.
  • Enron Scandal (2001): A large bankruptcy with $60 billion in shareholder reduction.
  • Manufacturing Chemical Product: Moral values are embedded within production and must be considered.
  • Ford Explorer and Bridgestone/Firestone (1990-2002): Debates about SUVs, fatalities and injuries. Micro and macro level issues surrounding quality control, safety and blame.

Other Concepts

  • Moral/Ethical Dilemmas: Situations where two or more values/obligations conflict or where application of moral values can be questioned.
  • Personal Commitment and Meaning: Engineering encompasses people and products, not just technology. Engineers' personal commitments need to integrate with society.
  • Promoting Responsible Conduct: The need to support responsible conduct, and focus on preventing wrongdoing.
  • Micro and Macro Issues: Micro ethics relate to individual corporate decisions, while macro ethics focus on broader global concerns (technological progress, law changes, collective responsibilities).
  • Ethical/Moral Theories: Used to explain good/bad/right/wrong conduct.
  • Code of Ethics: Provides broad guidelines for ethical conduct.
  • Moral Autonomy: The skill and habit of thinking rationally about ethical concerns.
  • Moral Awareness, Reasoning, Coherence, Imagination, Communication: Key to improving moral autonomy. Skills needed for practical application.
  • Tolerance of Diversity: Moral perspectives and beliefs should be mutually respected.
  • Moral Hope: Moral conflicts can be resolved through rational discussion.
  • Integrity: Maintaining high moral standards.

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