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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of all other system requirements?
What is the primary source of all other system requirements?
Which statement accurately describes mandatory requirements?
Which statement accurately describes mandatory requirements?
How should preference requirements be evaluated?
How should preference requirements be evaluated?
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of mandatory requirements?
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of mandatory requirements?
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What role does the customer play in defining system requirements?
What role does the customer play in defining system requirements?
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Which phrase best describes preference requirements?
Which phrase best describes preference requirements?
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What is a critical aspect of stating the problem in systems engineering?
What is a critical aspect of stating the problem in systems engineering?
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Which term refers to the criteria that evaluate alternative designs once mandatory requirements are satisfied?
Which term refers to the criteria that evaluate alternative designs once mandatory requirements are satisfied?
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What is the primary objective of a system test?
What is the primary objective of a system test?
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What is meant by company policy in the context of systems engineering?
What is meant by company policy in the context of systems engineering?
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Which of the following might be required according to corporate business practices?
Which of the following might be required according to corporate business practices?
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What is a potential concern for customers regarding software source code?
What is a potential concern for customers regarding software source code?
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What term did Kano use to describe features that delight customers but they did not know they wanted?
What term did Kano use to describe features that delight customers but they did not know they wanted?
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What kind of clean room might a semiconductor manufacturer be required to have?
What kind of clean room might a semiconductor manufacturer be required to have?
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Which method is referred to for eliciting customer desires within product design?
Which method is referred to for eliciting customer desires within product design?
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Who typically imposes requirements on a system during the design phase?
Who typically imposes requirements on a system during the design phase?
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What is the primary goal of creating a prototype?
What is the primary goal of creating a prototype?
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What should be included in a test plan for a prototype?
What should be included in a test plan for a prototype?
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What is the outcome when testing reveals deficiencies in a design?
What is the outcome when testing reveals deficiencies in a design?
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During the engineering design process, what characterizes a satisfactory solution?
During the engineering design process, what characterizes a satisfactory solution?
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What role does customer involvement play in product testing?
What role does customer involvement play in product testing?
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What is a significant step taken after analyzing test results?
What is a significant step taken after analyzing test results?
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What does the term 'engineering' generally refer to?
What does the term 'engineering' generally refer to?
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What are design requirements in the context of the design process?
What are design requirements in the context of the design process?
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What type of requirement could reliability be classified as?
What type of requirement could reliability be classified as?
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Which of the following is an example of a requirement driven by safety considerations?
Which of the following is an example of a requirement driven by safety considerations?
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What is the primary goal of prototyping in product design?
What is the primary goal of prototyping in product design?
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What type of requirements might arise due to environmental concerns?
What type of requirements might arise due to environmental concerns?
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How might ethics impact the formation of requirements?
How might ethics impact the formation of requirements?
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Which type of prototype focuses on demonstrating essential functionality?
Which type of prototype focuses on demonstrating essential functionality?
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What should be done if details of the solution are still being worked out during prototyping?
What should be done if details of the solution are still being worked out during prototyping?
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Intangible requirements often relate to which of the following aspects?
Intangible requirements often relate to which of the following aspects?
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Which of the following requirements are often not explicitly stated due to being viewed as common sense?
Which of the following requirements are often not explicitly stated due to being viewed as common sense?
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What is a look-and-feel prototype typically used for?
What is a look-and-feel prototype typically used for?
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What type of prototype provides insights into how a product will be used in context?
What type of prototype provides insights into how a product will be used in context?
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Requirements that define a system's objectives and constraints often originate from which source?
Requirements that define a system's objectives and constraints often originate from which source?
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What might laws or standards in requirements include?
What might laws or standards in requirements include?
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What is a key characteristic of legacy requirements?
What is a key characteristic of legacy requirements?
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Why can existing data collection activities be useful for discovering system requirements?
Why can existing data collection activities be useful for discovering system requirements?
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Which of the following is an example of a source for system requirements?
Which of the following is an example of a source for system requirements?
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What is an important element of the testing and evaluation phase?
What is an important element of the testing and evaluation phase?
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What must occur based on the results of the testing?
What must occur based on the results of the testing?
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During the testing phase, what should be referenced?
During the testing phase, what should be referenced?
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Which activity is crucial before releasing a product to the customer?
Which activity is crucial before releasing a product to the customer?
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What might result from attempting to measure system requirements?
What might result from attempting to measure system requirements?
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Study Notes
Engineering Design Process
- The engineering design process aims to create satisfactory solutions to needs.
- Needs can be improving existing situations, eliminating problems, or creating new uses for discoveries.
- The process involves multiple steps:
Stage 1: Identifying the Design Problem
- Identify the need or problem.
- This is often determined by customers or end-users of the product.
Stage 2: Generating Concepts and Ideas
- Develop problem-solving concepts and ideas
Stage 3: Finding Compromise Solutions
- Compromising solution(s)
Stage 4: Models and Prototypes
- Create models or prototypes.
Stage 5: Production and Working Drawings
- Create production or working drawings
Additional Steps: Additional stages of the process include
- Manufacture, Assembly, Marketing, Service, and other required steps.
Step 1: Identifying a Need
- Needs (also referred to as "problems" or "engineering goals") are commonly established by the product's users.
- Users could be retail consumers or other product development teams.
Step 2: Establishing Design Criteria and Constraints
- Design criteria are specifications used in making decisions about product build and evaluation.
- Criteria are derived from customers' needs, helping define product physical and functional characteristics.
- Examples of criteria include shape, size, weight, speed, ruggedness, and ease of manufacture.
Step 3: Evaluating Alternative Designs
- Researching solutions to similar needs.
- Evaluating knowledge and scientific limitations on solutions.
- Improving previous solutions and exploring different approaches.
- Considering at least two-to-three alternative designs and using available technology, or modifying/inventing new solutions.
Alternative Design Development Tools
- Creativity, engineering tools, CAD/computer modeling, stress analysis, material science, manufacturing processes.
- Constraints will be identified and implemented
- Availability of parts & materials
- Personnel and facilities must be taken into account.
Step 4: Building a Prototype
- Choosing the design that best meets established criteria and constraints.
- A prototype becomes a full-scale, functional form of a new product or design.
- Budget limitations can restrict a model from being full scale.
Step 5: Testing and Evaluating the Prototype
- Create and implement a testing plan for the prototype.
- Test prototypes in actual or simulated operating conditions.
- Include customer input in the testing process.
Step 6: Analyzing Results and Retesting
- Evaluating test results to uncover design deficiencies.
- Implement corrections and repeat testing, or analyze issues to devise fixes.
- Detail your analyses, and fixes, and tests in a project book.
Design Requirements
- Requirements are system attributes for the project.
- Customer need is the ultimate requirement.
Mandatory Requirements
- Necessary and sufficient conditions for an acceptable minimal system.
- Expressed using keywords like "shall" and "must."
- Cannot use scoring functions; instead, systems pass or fail.
- Not susceptible to trade-offs between requirements.
Preference Requirements
- Conditions that enhance customer satisfaction.
- Often expressed using keywords like "should" or "want."
- Employ scoring functions to create figures of merit.
- Evaluated with multi-criteria decision techniques.
Defining the Customer
- Customer encompasses anyone who can impose requirements on the system.
- Includes end-users, operators, bill-payers, owners, regulatory agencies, etc.
- Systems engineering considers the process customer, in addition to the product customer.
Stating the Problem
- Clearly and unambiguously state design problems.
- Problems should be defined in relation to deficiencies to be resolved.
Sources of Requirements
- Several possible sources include input-output, technology, performance, cost, trade-offs, system test, and other sources.
Additional Requirement Categories
- Company policy.
- Business practices
- Systems or software engineering requirements.
- Project management.
- Marketing needs.
- Manufacturing and production processes.
- Safety.
- Environmental concerns.
- Ethical considerations.
- Intangible factors.
- Common sense.
- Laws and standards.
- The customer
- Legacy Requirements.
- Data Collection Activities.
- Other Sources
Validating a System
- Verification that the constructed system meets all necessary criteria, performs as intended, and satisfies customer needs.
- Ensure the system meets customer needs and is complete.
Validating Requirements
- The set of requirements is internally consistent.
- A real-world solution can be based on the requirements.
Verifying a System
- Ensures a system adheres to its design requirements.
- Guarantees consistent functioning throughout various phases and prototype iterations.
Verifying Requirements
- Iteratively evaluate that requirements are met via examination, analysis, testing or demonstration
- Validate that requirements can be met.
- Verification proves a system meets its requirements.
- Validation confirms that a design meets requirements.
Prototyping
- Prototype creation is valuable only if the design can be executed efficiently.
- Prototyping, following detailed design, produces a working, functional product.
- Modifications and corrections to the detailed design may be necessary if errors/defects are uncovered (during prototyping).
Prototype uses/functions
- Function - operational capability
- "Look-and-Feel" - form and aesthetics
- Role - usability and user interaction
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Description
Test your knowledge on the engineering design process and its various stages, from identifying problems to creating prototypes. This quiz covers key concepts and steps involved in engineering design, helping you understand how to develop effective solutions.
