10: Engineering Design and Material Properties Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which material property is primarily concerned with how a material responds to applied forces?

  • Strain
  • Load
  • Stress (correct)
  • Torque

    • Additive manufacturing processes are focused on sustainable materials.

    True

    What is the primary function of a ski in relation to the human body?

    Force transmission for controlling the ski motion

    The relation between stress and strain can be expressed via simple material __________.

    <p>laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the material properties with their descriptions:

    <p>Stress = Internal force per unit area Strain = Deformation per unit length Bending = Deflection of a beam under load Material Families = Categories of materials based on properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a focus area in the Engineering Design and Computing course?

    <p>Cooking Techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The learning objective includes understanding only the categorization of materials without focusing on their mechanical behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deformation behavior is particularly focused on in the study of materials?

    <p>Bending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'Function' in engineering design?

    <p>A task of a product or system independent of solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A design's function and the chosen manufacturing process are unrelated.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that fulfilling a function requires?

    <p>A certain shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The choice of material and target shape interact with the __________ process.

    <p>manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their descriptions.

    <p>Function = Independent of solutions Material Properties = Includes elasticity and thermal properties Shape = Requires certain part sizes and features Manufacturing Process = Influences design function by changing part properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Material choice affects which aspect of design?

    <p>Function and manufacturable geometries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Material elasticity is a type of material property that can impact function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interaction is critical to consider during the design process?

    <p>The interaction between material choice, shape, and manufacturing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is considered a type of glass?

    <p>Soda-lime glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ceramics and glass are ductile materials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one property that differentiates metals from ceramics.

    <p>Metals can bend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ are known for being lightweight materials used in various applications.

    <p>Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following material categories with their characteristics:

    <p>Metals = Ductile and can bend Polymers = Lightweight materials Ceramics = Brittle materials Glass = Translucent and brittle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered a type of polymer?

    <p>Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alloys are a type of hybrid material.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property associated with steel?

    <p>strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is a polymer commonly used for plastic manufacturing.

    <p>ABS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials with their categories:

    <p>Steel = Metal Fiberglass = Hybrid Silicone = Polymer Carbon fiber = Hybrid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is specifically known for converting water into energy?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural materials are a separate category from synthetic polymers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a common use for aluminum in engineering.

    <p>aerospace components or packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the stress-strain curve typically represent?

    <p>The relationship between force and deformation of a material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stress and strain can be computed by direct measurement of the material's dimensions alone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of clamping the sample in a testing machine?

    <p>To apply a constant pulling force for testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sample is tested in the ________ region, where it begins to deform permanently.

    <p>plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following testing concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Stress = Force applied per unit area Strain = Deformation per unit length Plastic region = Permanent deformation occurs Elastic region = Reversible deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hooke's Law describe in terms of material behavior?

    <p>The relationship between force and elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula for stress $ au = E imes ext{strain}$ is a correct representation of Hooke's Law.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the spring constant represented by in Hooke's Law?

    <p>k</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hooke's Law, the change in length is referred to as __________.

    <p>elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symbols with their meanings in Hooke's Law:

    <p>F = Force applied to the spring ΔL = Change in length L0 = Initial length of the spring k = Spring constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Engineering Design and Material Selection

    • Lecture 10 focused on materials and their properties
    • Course schedule included topics such as Introduction and Sketching, Engineering Design, Technical Drawing, CAD, and Material Selection

    Learning Objectives

    • Students will learn a categorization of materials into families and understand their mechanical behaviors.
    • They will learn the definition and relation of stress and strain through simple material laws.
    • Students will learn material deformation behaviors, focusing on bending, and its mathematical expressions.

    Case Study: Ski Design

    • Ski function: transmitting force from the user to the ski for motion control.
    • Ski requirements: withstanding environmental forces, bending at desired levels by the skier, providing torsional resistance, reducing vibration, easy turning, and resistance to environmental factors (temperature and wear).
    • Ski design compromises variables to match skier weight, technique, and use.

    Overview - Design Dependencies

    • Function: a product or system task independent of solutions
    • Dependencies: fulfilling a function requires a specific shape, feature, size, specific material properties (e.g. elasticity and thermal properties), and interaction with the manufacturing process in selecting processable materials. Manufacturing process influences design function.

    History: Material shapes technology

    • Timeline of material development, showing the relative importance of different material families (e.g., stone, bronze, iron, polymers, ceramics, etc.) through history up to the 2020s
    • Material shapes technology evolution

    History: Material Technology

    • Trends in material technology: closer interaction of shape, material, process, and function; multi-material designs; highly complex design spaces; computational design approaches including AI.
    • Examples of emerging materials - floating steel, artificial trees, and multi-material designs.

    Material Families

    • Categorization of materials into families (steel, aluminum, cast iron, alloys, silica glass, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, polymers, ceramics, hybrid materials.)
    • Properties of each family (e.g., metals are strong but can be heavy, polymers are lightweight).
    • Importance of a common language to select materials

    Life Cycles and Materials

    • Organic and inorganic materials: characteristics and life cycles.
    • Importance of material cycles (recycling, reusing, etc).
    • Considerations for toxicity and disposal in materials handling

    Question: Diving Board Material Selection

    • Given a diving board design, students need to choose the most suitable material among the options: wood, steel, fiberglass, and glass.

    Material Data Sheet: Stainless Steel

    • Detailed properties of stainless steel, including electrical, optical, durability, and mechanical properties and manufacturing processes.

    Categories of Material Properties

    • Classifications of material properties: mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, magnetic, chemical, economical, and ecological.
    • Importance and limitations of using material properties as guidelines

    Sustainability properties (Granta EduPack Eco-Audit)

    • Data taken from Granta EduPack Eco-Audit on Material processing: CO2 footprint
    • Factors to consider in sustainability
    • Recyclability, Biodegradability, CO2 footprint, Water Usage, and Energy Consumption.
    • Manufacture, Recycling, and Disposal considerations

    Mechanical Properties

    • Mechanical integrity as the foundation for product design.
    • Importance of accurately quantifying material behavior.
    • Calculating safety against potential failures

    Mechanical Properties

    • Relationship between forces, geometry, material behavior and induced deformations
    • Importance of material properties being independent of geometry.

    Stress and Strain

    • Defining stress and strain concepts
    • Defining stress as force per unit area
    • Defining strain as material deformation relative to its initial shape
    • Calculations of stress and strain according to material

    Key Formulas

    • Formulas related to stress and strain, including Hooke's Law.
    • Formulas related to bending.
    • Formulas related to second moment of area

    Material Testing

    • Procedure for determining stress-strain curves.
    • Measuring and understanding mechanical properties to quantify material behavior

    Bending and Torsion

    • Bending deformation in materials: simultaneous compression and tension.
    • Torsional deformations: relative motion of material layers

    3-Point Bending Test

    • Relationship between flexural rigidity and material properties (bending stiffness)

    Bending: Second moment of area

    • Geometric property reflecting the material distribution in the cross-section.

    Bending Stiffness Distribution Along a Ski

    • Analyzing the bending stiffness distribution for different ski types (racing/carving, touring).

    Case Study: Ski Bending

    • Case study of how to calculate bending in skis

    Exercise: Materials and their Properties

    • Students conduct an exercise involving Young's modulus calculation using flexural testers.

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    Engineering Design and Material Selection Lecture 10 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on material properties and their applications in engineering design. This quiz covers topics such as stress and strain, additive manufacturing, and the interaction between material selection and design function. Perfect for students in engineering or related fields.

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