Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the four macro-skills in language teaching?
What are the four macro-skills in language teaching?
Listening, speaking, reading, writing
What are the receptive skills in language learning?
What are the receptive skills in language learning?
Listening, reading
What are the productive skills in language learning?
What are the productive skills in language learning?
Speaking, writing
Which of the following activities are considered examples of physical response to a text?
Which of the following activities are considered examples of physical response to a text?
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Bottom-up processing in language learning involves analyzing smaller components of language first.
Bottom-up processing in language learning involves analyzing smaller components of language first.
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What activity allows for many possibilities such as 'Fish swim in the river' or 'Birds fly in the sky'?
What activity allows for many possibilities such as 'Fish swim in the river' or 'Birds fly in the sky'?
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What is an example of a predictable set of spoken exchanges in communication known as?
What is an example of a predictable set of spoken exchanges in communication known as?
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What does controlled practice support students to manipulate?
What does controlled practice support students to manipulate?
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In the given example about Emus, what do they primarily eat?
In the given example about Emus, what do they primarily eat?
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What is the purpose of the 'What a life' speaking activity?
What is the purpose of the 'What a life' speaking activity?
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Which of the following is true about listening skills?
Which of the following is true about listening skills?
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In the Picture Dictation activity, students draw based on what they hear.
In the Picture Dictation activity, students draw based on what they hear.
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Brainstorming allows students to produce ideas ________.
Brainstorming allows students to produce ideas ________.
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Listening means paying attention not only to the story but also non-verbal messages.
Listening means paying attention not only to the story but also non-verbal messages.
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Effective methods of teaching listening skills encompass everything from interactive exercises to ________ resources.
Effective methods of teaching listening skills encompass everything from interactive exercises to ________ resources.
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What should teachers reduce in class to involve students more in speaking activities?
What should teachers reduce in class to involve students more in speaking activities?
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What are some tips to help make listening activities successful?
What are some tips to help make listening activities successful?
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What activities can a teacher employ to facilitate the development of listening skills?
What activities can a teacher employ to facilitate the development of listening skills?
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What is the aim of the 'Dual dictation' activity?
What is the aim of the 'Dual dictation' activity?
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How does the 'Listen for lies' activity work?
How does the 'Listen for lies' activity work?
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What is the function of speaking according to Brown and Yule's framework?
What is the function of speaking according to Brown and Yule's framework?
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What does the 'Teaching Talk as Interactions' entail?
What does the 'Teaching Talk as Interactions' entail?
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What speaking strategy involves using minimal responses?
What speaking strategy involves using minimal responses?
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When teaching students how to look for specific details in a text, what skill are you showing them?
When teaching students how to look for specific details in a text, what skill are you showing them?
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When choosing extensive reading materials for English language learners, what should the level be?
When choosing extensive reading materials for English language learners, what should the level be?
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Which of the following is true about reading being classified as a skill?
Which of the following is true about reading being classified as a skill?
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What does KWL ask students to determine?
What does KWL ask students to determine?
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What are simplified books written for English learners at specific reading levels called?
What are simplified books written for English learners at specific reading levels called?
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Which of the following expressions are known as transitional phrases in writing?
Which of the following expressions are known as transitional phrases in writing?
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Is the following sentence correctly punctuated: She has read 'War and Peace.'
Is the following sentence correctly punctuated: She has read 'War and Peace.'
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What is the term for rewriting information from a source in your own words?
What is the term for rewriting information from a source in your own words?
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What is the section of a standardized exam where students have to write a response based on a reading or listening passage called?
What is the section of a standardized exam where students have to write a response based on a reading or listening passage called?
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In conducting a writing lesson, what do you think a teacher should do first?
In conducting a writing lesson, what do you think a teacher should do first?
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Where does writing typically fall in the sequence of language skills?
Where does writing typically fall in the sequence of language skills?
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What are some key components required for clear writing in English?
What are some key components required for clear writing in English?
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In the 'Word Jumble' activity, students put words in ______ to form a sentence.
In the 'Word Jumble' activity, students put words in ______ to form a sentence.
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In the 'What Happens Next?' activity, students complete a story based on a provided beginning.
In the 'What Happens Next?' activity, students complete a story based on a provided beginning.
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Match the writing task with its description:
Match the writing task with its description:
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What is the purpose of the 'Make it Real Life' suggestion for writing tasks?
What is the purpose of the 'Make it Real Life' suggestion for writing tasks?
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Study Notes
Macroskills: An Overview
- There are four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
- These skills are also known as "macro skills" and are essential for complete communication.
- Listening and speaking are oral skills, while reading and writing are literacy skills.
- Each skill can be grouped into receptive skills (listening and reading) and productive skills (speaking and writing).
Teaching and Assessment of Macro Skills
- To develop the four macro skills, teachers need to plan lessons that include a mixture of all skills.
- Teachers should link activities for developing receptive skills with activities for developing productive skills.
- Receptive skills involve bottom-up and top-down processing, where students process and understand language from the bottom up (sound, spelling, word roots, and suffixes) and from the top down (whole texts).
Teaching Receptive Skills
- Teachers can use verbal, physical, creative, or written responses to ensure students have understood spoken or written texts.
- Teachers should provide opportunities for students to process whole texts, including listening and reading activities.
- Students may need to hear or read texts multiple times to fully understand them.
Teaching Productive Skills
- Teachers should select vocabulary and structures to focus on in a lesson or unit of work.
- Teachers should model language through listening and/or reading activities, then provide controlled practice activities for students to rehearse the language.
- Students can use learned language to create new spoken or written texts.
Listening Skill
- Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.
- Listening is key to all effective communication and is important for customer satisfaction, productivity, and sharing of information.
- Effective listening involves paying attention to both verbal and non-verbal messages.
Methods of Teaching Listening Skills
- Interactive exercises and multimedia resources can be used to teach listening skills.
- Interpersonal activities, such as mock interviews and storytelling, can help students develop stronger listening skills.
- Group activities, such as learning about hobbies and interests, can also help teach listening skills.
- Audio segments, such as radio programs or podcasts, can be used to teach listening skills.### Interactive Listening Process
- Model the listening process with students in class, then have them repeat the exercise on their own
- Prepare students for listening by considering what they want to learn from the content
- Play the audio segment, allowing students to take notes if helpful
- Repeat the exercise with shorter or longer audio segments, with more accessible or challenging material
Teaching Listening Skills
- Keep expectations simple and directions accessible
- Encourage students to ask clarifying questions and make mistakes
- Develop activities to help students navigate communication anxiety
- Provide opportunities for students to improve their listening skills, such as:
- Noise reduction and equipment checks
- Repetition and content discussion
- Recording and video playback
- Homework and listening tasks
Listening Activities
- Dual dictation: students write a dialogue and then perform it for the class
- Listen for lies: students identify changes in a passage read aloud
Speaking Skill
- Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through verbal and non-verbal symbols
- Functions of speaking:
- Talk as interaction: social relationship
- Talk as transaction: conveying a message
- Talk as performance: monologues and public talks
Strategies for Developing Speaking Skills
- Using minimal responses: building a stock of predictable phrases for different situations
- Recognizing scripts: understanding patterns and exchanges in communication
- Using language to talk about language: clarifying misunderstandings and asking for help
Speaking Activities
- What a life: students write about past events and ask questions in a group discussion
- Taboo: students provide words related to given words
- Consequence role play: students take on a new role and engage in a discussion using their character's details### The Four Language Skills
- Writing is the process of using symbols to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form
- Writing can also refer to the work/career of an author
- We write using a pen/pencil (handwriting) or a keyboard (typing)
Writing Methods
- Handwriting: using a pen/pencil on a surface such as paper or whiteboard
- Typing: using a keyboard attached to a typewriter, computer or mobile device
- Voice recognition programs: for those who can't see or use their hands to have their thoughts transcribed
The Four Language Skills
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- Listening
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- Speaking
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- Reading
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- Writing
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Description
This module covers the teaching and assessment of macro skills, focusing on developing listening and speaking skills in a competence-based curriculum.
