39 Questions
What are the four macro-skills in language teaching?
Listening, speaking, reading, writing
What are the receptive skills in language learning?
Listening, reading
What are the productive skills in language learning?
Speaking, writing
Which of the following activities are considered examples of physical response to a text?
Listening to a talk about local places and drawing a map of them
Bottom-up processing in language learning involves analyzing smaller components of language first.
True
What activity allows for many possibilities such as 'Fish swim in the river' or 'Birds fly in the sky'?
Sentence frame: animal name + animal action + place
What is an example of a predictable set of spoken exchanges in communication known as?
scripts
What does controlled practice support students to manipulate?
The learned vocabulary and structures in new ways
In the given example about Emus, what do they primarily eat?
Plants, insects, and stones
What is the purpose of the 'What a life' speaking activity?
To share past events or experiences
Which of the following is true about listening skills?
Good listening skills can lead to better customer satisfaction.
In the Picture Dictation activity, students draw based on what they hear.
True
Brainstorming allows students to produce ideas ________.
quickly and freely
Listening means paying attention not only to the story but also non-verbal messages.
True
Effective methods of teaching listening skills encompass everything from interactive exercises to ________ resources.
multimedia
What should teachers reduce in class to involve students more in speaking activities?
teacher speaking time
What are some tips to help make listening activities successful?
Reduce distractions and noise, ensure acceptable sound quality, repeat the text, talk about content & language, record your own tape, use videos, assign homework
What activities can a teacher employ to facilitate the development of listening skills?
Promoting active listening, identifying listening strategies, selecting appropriate strategy, using variety of methods, using authentic materials, ensuring goals are clear, allowing reflection and discussion, organizing pre-listening activities, checking level of exercises
What is the aim of the 'Dual dictation' activity?
To have students write a dialogue by taking turns speaking and writing, check each other's work, and perform the dialogue for the class
How does the 'Listen for lies' activity work?
Students are divided into two teams, listen to a passage, and stand up when a lie is told to earn points
What is the function of speaking according to Brown and Yule's framework?
Talk as Interaction, Talk as Transaction, Talk as Performance
What does the 'Teaching Talk as Interactions' entail?
Dialogs modeling small talk, open dialogs for feedback responses, conversation starters, group discussions
What speaking strategy involves using minimal responses?
Encouraging learners to use stock responses to participate in exchanges
When teaching students how to look for specific details in a text, what skill are you showing them?
Scan
When choosing extensive reading materials for English language learners, what should the level be?
Slightly lower than they are capable of reading
Which of the following is true about reading being classified as a skill?
Receptive skill
What does KWL ask students to determine?
Know, Want to know, Learned
What are simplified books written for English learners at specific reading levels called?
Graded readers
Which of the following expressions are known as transitional phrases in writing?
On the other hand
Is the following sentence correctly punctuated: She has read 'War and Peace.'
False
What is the term for rewriting information from a source in your own words?
paraphrasing
What is the section of a standardized exam where students have to write a response based on a reading or listening passage called?
Integrated writing
In conducting a writing lesson, what do you think a teacher should do first?
Prepare a lesson plan
Where does writing typically fall in the sequence of language skills?
Fourth
What are some key components required for clear writing in English?
Grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, vocabulary, correct spelling, and formatting.
In the 'Word Jumble' activity, students put words in ______ to form a sentence.
order
In the 'What Happens Next?' activity, students complete a story based on a provided beginning.
True
Match the writing task with its description:
Let's Write Together = A large group collaborative writing activity where each student contributes a sentence to complete a story. Yummy Writing = Activity where students write instructions for a recipe based on a series of pictures illustrating the preparation steps. What's Missing? = Activity where students complete a text with missing information that they invent to ensure coherence.
What is the purpose of the 'Make it Real Life' suggestion for writing tasks?
To give students a real-life purpose for their writing, such as letters or thank you cards.
Study Notes
Macroskills: An Overview
- There are four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
- These skills are also known as "macro skills" and are essential for complete communication.
- Listening and speaking are oral skills, while reading and writing are literacy skills.
- Each skill can be grouped into receptive skills (listening and reading) and productive skills (speaking and writing).
Teaching and Assessment of Macro Skills
- To develop the four macro skills, teachers need to plan lessons that include a mixture of all skills.
- Teachers should link activities for developing receptive skills with activities for developing productive skills.
- Receptive skills involve bottom-up and top-down processing, where students process and understand language from the bottom up (sound, spelling, word roots, and suffixes) and from the top down (whole texts).
Teaching Receptive Skills
- Teachers can use verbal, physical, creative, or written responses to ensure students have understood spoken or written texts.
- Teachers should provide opportunities for students to process whole texts, including listening and reading activities.
- Students may need to hear or read texts multiple times to fully understand them.
Teaching Productive Skills
- Teachers should select vocabulary and structures to focus on in a lesson or unit of work.
- Teachers should model language through listening and/or reading activities, then provide controlled practice activities for students to rehearse the language.
- Students can use learned language to create new spoken or written texts.
Listening Skill
- Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.
- Listening is key to all effective communication and is important for customer satisfaction, productivity, and sharing of information.
- Effective listening involves paying attention to both verbal and non-verbal messages.
Methods of Teaching Listening Skills
- Interactive exercises and multimedia resources can be used to teach listening skills.
- Interpersonal activities, such as mock interviews and storytelling, can help students develop stronger listening skills.
- Group activities, such as learning about hobbies and interests, can also help teach listening skills.
- Audio segments, such as radio programs or podcasts, can be used to teach listening skills.### Interactive Listening Process
- Model the listening process with students in class, then have them repeat the exercise on their own
- Prepare students for listening by considering what they want to learn from the content
- Play the audio segment, allowing students to take notes if helpful
- Repeat the exercise with shorter or longer audio segments, with more accessible or challenging material
Teaching Listening Skills
- Keep expectations simple and directions accessible
- Encourage students to ask clarifying questions and make mistakes
- Develop activities to help students navigate communication anxiety
- Provide opportunities for students to improve their listening skills, such as:
- Noise reduction and equipment checks
- Repetition and content discussion
- Recording and video playback
- Homework and listening tasks
Listening Activities
- Dual dictation: students write a dialogue and then perform it for the class
- Listen for lies: students identify changes in a passage read aloud
Speaking Skill
- Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through verbal and non-verbal symbols
- Functions of speaking:
- Talk as interaction: social relationship
- Talk as transaction: conveying a message
- Talk as performance: monologues and public talks
Strategies for Developing Speaking Skills
- Using minimal responses: building a stock of predictable phrases for different situations
- Recognizing scripts: understanding patterns and exchanges in communication
- Using language to talk about language: clarifying misunderstandings and asking for help
Speaking Activities
- What a life: students write about past events and ask questions in a group discussion
- Taboo: students provide words related to given words
- Consequence role play: students take on a new role and engage in a discussion using their character's details### The Four Language Skills
- Writing is the process of using symbols to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form
- Writing can also refer to the work/career of an author
- We write using a pen/pencil (handwriting) or a keyboard (typing)
Writing Methods
- Handwriting: using a pen/pencil on a surface such as paper or whiteboard
- Typing: using a keyboard attached to a typewriter, computer or mobile device
- Voice recognition programs: for those who can't see or use their hands to have their thoughts transcribed
The Four Language Skills
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- Listening
-
- Speaking
-
- Reading
-
- Writing
This module covers the teaching and assessment of macro skills, focusing on developing listening and speaking skills in a competence-based curriculum.
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