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Enfermedades Exantemáticas

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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enfermedades exantemáticas suele afectar a niños entre los cinco y quince años de edad?

Sarampión

Quinta enfermedad (correct)

Rubéola

Varicela

¿Qué infección viral causa el sarampión?

Virus varicela zóster

Virus de la quinta enfermedad

Virus del sarampión (correct)

Virus de la rubéola

¿Cuál de las siguientes enfermedades exantemáticas comienza con fiebre alta, tos, conjuntivitis y una lengua roja?

Varicela

Quinta enfermedad

Rubéola

Sarampión (correct)

¿Qué caracteriza a la varicela en sus etapas iniciales antes de desarrollar vesículas?

Picazón, hormigueo o sensaciones de ardor en la piel (A) Signup and view all the answers

¿Cómo se le conoce comúnmente a la rubéola?

Sarampión alemán (B) Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enfermedades exantemáticas se caracteriza por una erupción cutánea roja brillante en las mejillas?

Quinta enfermedad (B) Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enfermedades exantemáticas está causada por miembros de la familia del virus del herpes HHV-6 y HHV-7?

Roseola (D) Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enfermedades exantemáticas produce fiebre alta repentina que dura de tres a cuatro días?

Roseola (B) Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enfermedades exantemáticas presenta un enrojecimiento facial característico en forma de mejillas golpeadas?

Quinta enfermedad (A) Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enfermedades exantemáticas puede prevenirse mediante vacunación para reducir el riesgo de complicaciones?

Varicela (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exanthematic Diseases

Exanthematic diseases are a group of infectious illnesses characterized by skin rashes known as exanthmae. These conditions can affect people of all ages and often start with flu-like symptoms before progressing into a distinct rash. Here is a brief overview of some common exanthematic diseases:

Measles

Measles is caused by the measles virus and was once considered one of the most contagious human viruses. Symptoms typically begin with high fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and a red tongue, followed by the characteristic bright red maculopapular rash that appears on the face and spreads downward.

Rubella

Rubella, also known as German measles, is another infectious disease primarily affecting children and young adults. It begins with low-grade fever, swollen lymph nodes, headache, and pinkish rose-colored spots on the skin and throat. A fine, red, flat, nonpruritic, nonfollicular rash may appear on the upper chest, neck, and arms, spreading downwards.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by the varicella zoster virus. Initially presenting as itching, tingling, or burning sensations on the skin, reddened patches called macules develop before becoming papules and vesicles which rupture after several days. Once these lesions heal, they leave behind crusty scabs.

Fifth Disease

Fifth disease, or erythema infectiosum, usually affects children between the age of five and fifteen years old. Known as 'slapped cheek syndrome,' its early stages involve mild fever, sore throat, arthralgia, fatigue, abdominal pain, and vomiting. A distinctive bright red facial flare across both cheeks occurs during the first stage of the rash. Subsequently, a transient, pale, reticular, slightly elevated rash erupts, fading within two weeks.

Roseola

Caused by herpesviridae family members HHV-6 and HHV-7, roseola is characterized by sudden high fevers lasting three to four days, accompanied by a bright red rash covering the entire body, including inside the mouth.

In summary, exanthematic diseases present with varying initial symptoms but always lead to the appearance of a distinctive rash. Prevention through vaccination is essential in preventing their transmission and reducing the risk of complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and hepatitis.

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Description

A brief overview of common exanthematic diseases including measles, rubella, chickenpox, fifth disease, and roseola. Learn about the symptoms, characteristic rashes, and complications associated with these infectious illnesses.