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Questions and Answers
What does 1 MET roughly equate to in terms of resting metabolism?
What does 1 MET roughly equate to in terms of resting metabolism?
Recent studies have shown that true resting MET values are higher than 3.5 mL/kg/min.
Recent studies have shown that true resting MET values are higher than 3.5 mL/kg/min.
False
What are two factors that can significantly influence resting MET values?
What are two factors that can significantly influence resting MET values?
Age and gender
The process by which ADP is converted to ATP is called __________.
The process by which ADP is converted to ATP is called __________.
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Which of the following statements about energy systems during exercise is true?
Which of the following statements about energy systems during exercise is true?
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The Compendium of Physical Activities standardizes physical activity classifications for energy expenditure measurements.
The Compendium of Physical Activities standardizes physical activity classifications for energy expenditure measurements.
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Match the energy system with its characteristic:
Match the energy system with its characteristic:
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In aerobic conditions, heart cells have approximately __________ seconds of ATP readily available.
In aerobic conditions, heart cells have approximately __________ seconds of ATP readily available.
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What is the main function of Creatine Phosphate (CrP) during high-intensity exercise?
What is the main function of Creatine Phosphate (CrP) during high-intensity exercise?
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Anaerobic glycolysis can produce a net gain of 4 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
Anaerobic glycolysis can produce a net gain of 4 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
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What is the rate-limiting enzyme in the anaerobic glycolysis system?
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in the anaerobic glycolysis system?
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The process of breaking down glycogen stored in the muscles is called ______.
The process of breaking down glycogen stored in the muscles is called ______.
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What by-product is produced during anaerobic glycolysis?
What by-product is produced during anaerobic glycolysis?
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Match the following components related to lactate and its metabolism:
Match the following components related to lactate and its metabolism:
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High levels of lactic acid are beneficial during exercise as they enhance performance.
High levels of lactic acid are beneficial during exercise as they enhance performance.
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During high-intensity exercise, what happens to ATP levels?
During high-intensity exercise, what happens to ATP levels?
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What does the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) classify as an ergogenic aid?
What does the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) classify as an ergogenic aid?
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All dietary supplements in Australia are classified as separate regulatory categories.
All dietary supplements in Australia are classified as separate regulatory categories.
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How much money is spent on sports dietary supplements each year?
How much money is spent on sports dietary supplements each year?
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An ergogenic aid is any substance or strategy that improves athletic performance, often described in relation to increasing the ________ of work.
An ergogenic aid is any substance or strategy that improves athletic performance, often described in relation to increasing the ________ of work.
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Which of the following statements best describes Jack's view on Ligandrol?
Which of the following statements best describes Jack's view on Ligandrol?
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Match the following types of supplements to their classifications:
Match the following types of supplements to their classifications:
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Most athletes would refuse a banned substance if guaranteed not to be caught.
Most athletes would refuse a banned substance if guaranteed not to be caught.
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Outline the type of supplements primarily endorsed by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS).
Outline the type of supplements primarily endorsed by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS).
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What primarily determines the starting glycogen concentration before exercise?
What primarily determines the starting glycogen concentration before exercise?
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Trained athletes have a lower capacity for glycogen storage compared to untrained individuals.
Trained athletes have a lower capacity for glycogen storage compared to untrained individuals.
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Name one factor that influences carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise.
Name one factor that influences carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise.
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High carbohydrate availability improves _____ exercise performance compared to low carbohydrate availability.
High carbohydrate availability improves _____ exercise performance compared to low carbohydrate availability.
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Match the following factors with their impact on carbohydrate availability:
Match the following factors with their impact on carbohydrate availability:
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Which carbohydrate intake led to better performance during hard training as per the study by Achten et al (2004)?
Which carbohydrate intake led to better performance during hard training as per the study by Achten et al (2004)?
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Consuming carbohydrates during exercise has no impact on performance.
Consuming carbohydrates during exercise has no impact on performance.
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What happens to fat oxidation and fatmax with low carbohydrate high fat diets?
What happens to fat oxidation and fatmax with low carbohydrate high fat diets?
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What is the estimated prevalence of eating disorders among athletes?
What is the estimated prevalence of eating disorders among athletes?
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Men are less affected by eating disorders compared to women.
Men are less affected by eating disorders compared to women.
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What is the single biggest predictor for the onset of an eating disorder?
What is the single biggest predictor for the onset of an eating disorder?
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Rigid eating patterns and compulsive exercise are often connected to attempts to change body shape or _____ .
Rigid eating patterns and compulsive exercise are often connected to attempts to change body shape or _____ .
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Match the risk factors to their descriptions:
Match the risk factors to their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a health consequence of eating disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a health consequence of eating disorders?
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Electrolyte imbalances can lead to impaired cardiac function.
Electrolyte imbalances can lead to impaired cardiac function.
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Name one major life event that can act as a risk factor for developing an eating disorder.
Name one major life event that can act as a risk factor for developing an eating disorder.
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Study Notes
Overview of Energy Systems
- ATP resynthesis: is crucial for sustained muscular function, as there is limited ATP stored in cells
- ATP hydrolysis: releases energy for muscle contraction from broken down ATP
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Creatine phosphate: is a primary energy system used for intense bursts of short-duration exercise
- provides one ATP molecule per creatine phosphate molecule
- depletion leads to fatigue
- involves the mitochondria during 'The Creatine Shuttle'
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Anaerobic glycolysis: is the primary energy system for exercise lasting 1-2 minutes
- produces two ATP molecules per glucose molecule
- results in lactate production which can lead to metabolic acidosis and muscle fatigue
- rate-limiting enzyme is phosphofructokinase (PFK)
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Oxidative phosphorylation: is the primary energy system for longer-duration exercise and provides the most energy
- requires oxygen to produce ATP molecules from glucose, fat, and protein
Muscle Glycogen Content
-
Muscle glycogen stores: are influenced by diet and training status
- trained athletes have a greater capacity for glycogen storage
- higher carbohydrate intake leads to increased glycogen stores
- Pre-exercise dietary CHO intake: significantly impacts starting glycogen concentration
Carbohydrate Oxidation Rates
- Total energy expenditure (TEE): is influenced by exercise intensity and body mass
-
Proportion of CHO in diet: affects carbohydrate oxidation rates
- acute CHO availability (fed vs fasted)
- habitual CHO intake (high vs low CHO diet)
- training status
- exercise intensity
- High carbohydrate availability: improves acute exercise performance
- Chronic high carbohydrate intake: leads to improved performance during hard training days
- Low carbohydrate availability: results in increased fat oxidation and a shift in fatmax to higher % VO2max
- RER (Respiratory Exchange Ratio): can be used to determine CHO oxidation rates
Ergogenic Aids
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Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA): regulates sport supplement products in Australia
- they are either classified as foods or medicines
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Ergogenic aids: can improve athletic performance
- commonly used for increasing energy production or enhancing work capacity
Athletes and Use of Banned Substances
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Performance-enhancing substances: are often used by athletes despite the risk of detection and sanctions
- ethical considerations and potential long-term health consequences are significant factors
Supplement Use by Athletes
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AIS Supplement Framework: guides supplement use by Australian athletes
- categorizes supplements into different groups based on their uses and purposes
-
Disordered eating: is a serious issue affecting male and female athletes
- includes restrictive eating, yo-yo dieting, and compulsive exercise
- prevalence is much higher among athletes than in the general population
- Risk factors for eating disorders: can include genetics, family environment, personality, trauma, cultural influences, and athletics with weight requirements
- Health consequences of eating disorders: can be severe and include nutritional deficiencies, metabolic imbalances, and cardiovascular problems
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Description
This quiz explores the key concepts of energy systems involved in muscular function. Topics include ATP resynthesis, hydrolysis, and the various energy pathways such as creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Test your understanding of how these systems contribute to exercise performance and fatigue.
