Energy Systems Overview
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Energy Systems Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does 1 MET roughly equate to in terms of resting metabolism?

  • 1 RMR (correct)
  • 3.5 mL/kg/min
  • 2 kcal/kg/hr
  • 5 kcal/kg/hr

    • Recent studies have shown that true resting MET values are higher than 3.5 mL/kg/min.

    False

    What are two factors that can significantly influence resting MET values?

    Age and gender

    The process by which ADP is converted to ATP is called __________.

    <p>rephosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about energy systems during exercise is true?

    <p>Skeletal muscles utilize ATP more quickly during exercise than at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Compendium of Physical Activities standardizes physical activity classifications for energy expenditure measurements.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the energy system with its characteristic:

    <p>Creatine phosphate = Provides immediate energy for short-duration activities Anaerobic glycolysis = Generates energy without oxygen for short bursts of activity Oxidative phosphorylation = Uses oxygen for long-duration activities ATP hydrolysis = Converts ATP to ADP and releases energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aerobic conditions, heart cells have approximately __________ seconds of ATP readily available.

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Creatine Phosphate (CrP) during high-intensity exercise?

    <p>To deliver phosphate to ADP for ATP resynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaerobic glycolysis can produce a net gain of 4 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate-limiting enzyme in the anaerobic glycolysis system?

    <p>phosphofructokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of breaking down glycogen stored in the muscles is called ______.

    <p>glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What by-product is produced during anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components related to lactate and its metabolism:

    <p>Cori cycle = Shuttling between skeletal muscle and liver Lactate = Produced during anaerobic glycolysis H+ ions = Associated with decreased pH and fatigue Lactate shuttling = Exported by one cell type and imported by another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High levels of lactic acid are beneficial during exercise as they enhance performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During high-intensity exercise, what happens to ATP levels?

    <p>ATP levels remain relatively undisturbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) classify as an ergogenic aid?

    <p>A substance that improves athletic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All dietary supplements in Australia are classified as separate regulatory categories.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much money is spent on sports dietary supplements each year?

    <p>The exact amount is not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ergogenic aid is any substance or strategy that improves athletic performance, often described in relation to increasing the ________ of work.

    <p>ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes Jack's view on Ligandrol?

    <p>It could be found in contaminated supplements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of supplements to their classifications:

    <p>Vitamins = Supplements Prescription drugs = Medicines Protein powders = Supplements Antibiotics = Medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most athletes would refuse a banned substance if guaranteed not to be caught.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outline the type of supplements primarily endorsed by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS).

    <p>Supplements that support whole foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the starting glycogen concentration before exercise?

    <p>Training status and pre-exercise carbohydrate intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trained athletes have a lower capacity for glycogen storage compared to untrained individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one factor that influences carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise.

    <p>Total energy expenditure or exercise intensity or body mass or proportion of energy from carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High carbohydrate availability improves _____ exercise performance compared to low carbohydrate availability.

    <p>acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their impact on carbohydrate availability:

    <p>High carbohydrate intake = Deliberately elevates glycogen stores Pre-exercise meal = Improves performance During exercise carbohydrate consumption = Enhances endurance Low carbohydrate diets = Promotes fat oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate intake led to better performance during hard training as per the study by Achten et al (2004)?

    <p>8.5 g/kg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consuming carbohydrates during exercise has no impact on performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to fat oxidation and fatmax with low carbohydrate high fat diets?

    <p>Upregulation of fat oxidation and a shift of fatmax to higher % VO2max.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated prevalence of eating disorders among athletes?

    <p>14-16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Men are less affected by eating disorders compared to women.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the single biggest predictor for the onset of an eating disorder?

    <p>Engaging in dieting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rigid eating patterns and compulsive exercise are often connected to attempts to change body shape or _____ .

    <p>lose weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the risk factors to their descriptions:

    <p>Genetics = Psychiatric history related to eating disorders Cultural influences = Pressure to adhere to a thin ideal Personality = Traits like perfectionism and low self-esteem Family environment = History of disordered eating behaviors within the family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a health consequence of eating disorders?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrolyte imbalances can lead to impaired cardiac function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major life event that can act as a risk factor for developing an eating disorder.

    <p>Major life changes or loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Energy Systems

    • ATP resynthesis: is crucial for sustained muscular function, as there is limited ATP stored in cells
    • ATP hydrolysis: releases energy for muscle contraction from broken down ATP
    • Creatine phosphate: is a primary energy system used for intense bursts of short-duration exercise
      • provides one ATP molecule per creatine phosphate molecule
      • depletion leads to fatigue
      • involves the mitochondria during 'The Creatine Shuttle'
    • Anaerobic glycolysis: is the primary energy system for exercise lasting 1-2 minutes
      • produces two ATP molecules per glucose molecule
      • results in lactate production which can lead to metabolic acidosis and muscle fatigue
      • rate-limiting enzyme is phosphofructokinase (PFK)
    • Oxidative phosphorylation: is the primary energy system for longer-duration exercise and provides the most energy
      • requires oxygen to produce ATP molecules from glucose, fat, and protein

    Muscle Glycogen Content

    • Muscle glycogen stores: are influenced by diet and training status
      • trained athletes have a greater capacity for glycogen storage
      • higher carbohydrate intake leads to increased glycogen stores
    • Pre-exercise dietary CHO intake: significantly impacts starting glycogen concentration

    Carbohydrate Oxidation Rates

    • Total energy expenditure (TEE): is influenced by exercise intensity and body mass
    • Proportion of CHO in diet: affects carbohydrate oxidation rates
      • acute CHO availability (fed vs fasted)
      • habitual CHO intake (high vs low CHO diet)
      • training status
      • exercise intensity
    • High carbohydrate availability: improves acute exercise performance
    • Chronic high carbohydrate intake: leads to improved performance during hard training days
    • Low carbohydrate availability: results in increased fat oxidation and a shift in fatmax to higher % VO2max
    • RER (Respiratory Exchange Ratio): can be used to determine CHO oxidation rates

    Ergogenic Aids

    • Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA): regulates sport supplement products in Australia
      • they are either classified as foods or medicines
    • Ergogenic aids: can improve athletic performance
      • commonly used for increasing energy production or enhancing work capacity

    Athletes and Use of Banned Substances

    • Performance-enhancing substances: are often used by athletes despite the risk of detection and sanctions
      • ethical considerations and potential long-term health consequences are significant factors

    Supplement Use by Athletes

    • AIS Supplement Framework: guides supplement use by Australian athletes
      • categorizes supplements into different groups based on their uses and purposes
    • Disordered eating: is a serious issue affecting male and female athletes
      • includes restrictive eating, yo-yo dieting, and compulsive exercise
      • prevalence is much higher among athletes than in the general population
    • Risk factors for eating disorders: can include genetics, family environment, personality, trauma, cultural influences, and athletics with weight requirements
    • Health consequences of eating disorders: can be severe and include nutritional deficiencies, metabolic imbalances, and cardiovascular problems

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key concepts of energy systems involved in muscular function. Topics include ATP resynthesis, hydrolysis, and the various energy pathways such as creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Test your understanding of how these systems contribute to exercise performance and fatigue.

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