Energy Stores

Study Notes

Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion, associated with an object's movement
- Depends on an object's mass and velocity
- Increases as velocity increases
Potential Energy: stored energy, associated with an object's position or state
- Types:
  - Gravitational potential energy (e.g., object at a height)
  - Elastic potential energy (e.g., stretched rubber band)
  - Electrical potential energy (e.g., charged particles)
Thermal Energy: the energy of heat, associated with the motion of particles
- Increases with temperature
- Can be transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation

Mechanical Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through direct contact between objects
- Examples:
  - Pushing or pulling an object
  - Friction (e.g., rubbing hands together)
Thermal Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through heat
- Methods:
  - Conduction (e.g., metal spoon in hot soup)
  - Convection (e.g., warm air rising)
  - Radiation (e.g., sun's heat)
Electrical Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through electric currents
- Examples:
  - Electric circuits
  - Electromagnets
Light and Sound Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves
- Types:
  - Electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light, radio waves, X-rays)
  - Sound waves (e.g., vibrations through a medium)

Energy Conversion: the process of changing energy from one form to another
- Examples:
  - Chemical energy (food) → Kinetic energy (muscle movement)
  - Electrical energy → Thermal energy (heating a resistor)
  - Light energy → Chemical energy (photosynthesis)
Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another

Kinetic Energy: energy associated with an object's movement, dependent on mass and velocity
Kinetic energy increases as velocity increases
Potential Energy: stored energy, associated with an object's position or state
- Gravitational potential energy is stored in an object at a height
- Elastic potential energy is stored in stretched or compressed materials (e.g., rubber bands)
- Electrical potential energy is stored in charged particles
Thermal Energy: energy associated with the motion of particles, increasing with temperature
Thermal energy can be transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation

Mechanical Energy Transfer: energy transfer through direct contact between objects
- Examples: pushing or pulling an object, friction (e.g., rubbing hands together)
Thermal Energy Transfer: energy transfer through heat
- Conduction: energy transfer through direct contact (e.g., metal spoon in hot soup)
- Convection: energy transfer through circulating fluids (e.g., warm air rising)
- Radiation: energy transfer through electromagnetic waves (e.g., sun's heat)
Electrical Energy Transfer: energy transfer through electric currents
- Examples: electric circuits, electromagnets
Light and Sound Energy Transfer: energy transfer through electromagnetic waves
- Electromagnetic radiation: energy transfer through light, radio waves, X-rays, etc.
- Sound waves: energy transfer through vibrations in a medium

Energy Conversion: process of changing energy from one form to another
- Examples:
  - Chemical energy (food) → Kinetic energy (muscle movement)
  - Electrical energy → Thermal energy (heating a resistor)
  - Light energy → Chemical energy (photosynthesis)
Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another