Energy Stores

Energy Stores

• Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion, associated with an object's movement
  • Depends on an object's mass and velocity
  • Increases as velocity increases
• Potential Energy: stored energy, associated with an object's position or state
  • Types:
    • Gravitational potential energy (e.g., object at a height)
    • Elastic potential energy (e.g., stretched rubber band)
    • Electrical potential energy (e.g., charged particles)
• Thermal Energy: the energy of heat, associated with the motion of particles
  • Increases with temperature
  • Can be transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation

Energy Transfer

• Mechanical Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through direct contact between objects
  • Examples:
    • Pushing or pulling an object
    • Friction (e.g., rubbing hands together)
• Thermal Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through heat
  • Methods:
    • Conduction (e.g., metal spoon in hot soup)
    • Convection (e.g., warm air rising)
    • Radiation (e.g., sun's heat)
• Electrical Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through electric currents
  • Examples:
    • Electric circuits
    • Electromagnets
• Light and Sound Energy Transfer: the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves
  • Types:
    • Electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light, radio waves, X-rays)
    • Sound waves (e.g., vibrations through a medium)

Energy Conversion

• Energy Conversion: the process of changing energy from one form to another
  • Examples:
    • Chemical energy (food) → Kinetic energy (muscle movement)
    • Electrical energy → Thermal energy (heating a resistor)
    • Light energy → Chemical energy (photosynthesis)
• Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another

Energy Stores

• Kinetic Energy: energy associated with an object's movement, dependent on mass and velocity
• Kinetic energy increases as velocity increases
• Potential Energy: stored energy, associated with an object's position or state
  • Gravitational potential energy is stored in an object at a height
  • Elastic potential energy is stored in stretched or compressed materials (e.g., rubber bands)
  • Electrical potential energy is stored in charged particles
• Thermal Energy: energy associated with the motion of particles, increasing with temperature
• Thermal energy can be transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation

Energy Transfer

• Mechanical Energy Transfer: energy transfer through direct contact between objects
  • Examples: pushing or pulling an object, friction (e.g., rubbing hands together)
• Thermal Energy Transfer: energy transfer through heat
  • Conduction: energy transfer through direct contact (e.g., metal spoon in hot soup)
  • Convection: energy transfer through circulating fluids (e.g., warm air rising)
  • Radiation: energy transfer through electromagnetic waves (e.g., sun's heat)
• Electrical Energy Transfer: energy transfer through electric currents
  • Examples: electric circuits, electromagnets
• Light and Sound Energy Transfer: energy transfer through electromagnetic waves
  • Electromagnetic radiation: energy transfer through light, radio waves, X-rays, etc.
  • Sound waves: energy transfer through vibrations in a medium

Energy Conversion

• Energy Conversion: process of changing energy from one form to another
  • Examples:
    • Chemical energy (food) → Kinetic energy (muscle movement)
    • Electrical energy → Thermal energy (heating a resistor)
    • Light energy → Chemical energy (photosynthesis)
• Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another