Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately describes energy transfer?
Which of the following statements accurately describes energy transfer?
- Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred between stores. (correct)
- Energy cannot be transferred; it must remain in its original store.
- Energy is destroyed when it moves from one store to another.
- Energy can be created when it is transferred between stores.
What is 'work' in the context of energy transfers?
What is 'work' in the context of energy transfers?
- A situation where nothing is happening.
- A type of energy store.
- The scientific way of saying that energy has been transferred. (correct)
- A process that creates energy.
Which of these is an example of kinetic energy being transferred into gravitational potential energy?
Which of these is an example of kinetic energy being transferred into gravitational potential energy?
- A car accelerating on a flat road.
- A swinging pirate ship ride at a theme park reaching its highest point. (correct)
- A stationary book on a table.
- Water flowing down a waterfall.
Flashcards
Energy
Energy
The capacity for doing work; it exists in various stores and can be transferred or dissipated but not created or destroyed.
System
System
An object or a group of objects that can exchange energy with its surroundings.
Transfer
Transfer
When something is moved from one place to another, this may be people, objects or energy.
Study Notes
- Energy exists in different 'stores' and cannot be created or destroyed.
- Energy can be transferred, dissipated, or stored in different forms.
- Energy can remain in the same store for varying durations, from millions of years to fractions of a second.
- Energy transfers occur continuously whenever a system undergoes changes, impacting how energy is stored.
Examples of Energy Transfers
- A boat moves through water as chemical energy converts to kinetic energy.
- Heating water in an electric kettle: electrical energy increases the internal energy of the element, subsequently raising the water's internal (thermal) energy and temperature.
- A swinging pirate ship ride transfers kinetic energy into gravitational potential energy.
Types of Energy Transfer
- Heating
- By Waves
- Electric Current
- By a Force moving an object
Voltage
- Potential difference (voltage) measures the energy given to charge carriers in a circuit, measured in volts (V).
- Voltage between two points facilitates electric current flow.
- Materials 'give out' energy, reducing their internal energy.
- Infrared radiation emitted from the Sun into space exemplifies this.
Work
- 'Work' signifies energy transfer, illustrated by examples like a grazing cow, a firing catapult, and a boiling kettle.
Diagrams
- Diagrams illustrate energy transfer between stores, including transfer diagrams and Sankey diagrams.
- Transfer diagrams use boxes for energy stores and arrows for energy transfers.
- Example: A child on a slide converts gravitational energy into kinetic and internal energy due to mechanical work and friction.
- Gravitational potential energy transforms into kinetic energy and internal energy, increasing the temperature of the child and slide.
- Sankey diagrams illustrate how energy in a system transfers into different stores using arrows that split, with width proportional to energy amount.
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