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Questions and Answers
Which type of energy storage technology primarily uses chemical reactions at its electrodes?
Which type of energy storage technology primarily uses chemical reactions at its electrodes?
What is the main reason for the efficiency loss in batteries, which is typically around 80-85%?
What is the main reason for the efficiency loss in batteries, which is typically around 80-85%?
During battery discharge, where does oxidation occur within the battery?
During battery discharge, where does oxidation occur within the battery?
Which of the following components separates the two electrodes in a battery?
Which of the following components separates the two electrodes in a battery?
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What energy storage method allows the storage of excess electric energy as potential energy in water?
What energy storage method allows the storage of excess electric energy as potential energy in water?
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In which type of energy storage does the snow or ice act as a thermal energy storage medium?
In which type of energy storage does the snow or ice act as a thermal energy storage medium?
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Which statement about hydrogen fuel cells is most accurate?
Which statement about hydrogen fuel cells is most accurate?
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What happens to the electrons when a battery is charged?
What happens to the electrons when a battery is charged?
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What is the relationship between current discharge and available charge from a battery?
What is the relationship between current discharge and available charge from a battery?
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How is energy capacity of a battery defined?
How is energy capacity of a battery defined?
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What happens to a battery's voltage as it is discharged?
What happens to a battery's voltage as it is discharged?
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What characterizes the performance of batteries at lower temperatures?
What characterizes the performance of batteries at lower temperatures?
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In hydrogen fuel cells, what is primarily responsible for generating energy?
In hydrogen fuel cells, what is primarily responsible for generating energy?
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Which metric best describes the rate of charge a battery can deliver per unit time?
Which metric best describes the rate of charge a battery can deliver per unit time?
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What happens to the internal resistance of a battery with repeated use?
What happens to the internal resistance of a battery with repeated use?
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Which of the following statements about battery metrics is accurate?
Which of the following statements about battery metrics is accurate?
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What does a more positive standard reduction potential (SRP) indicate about the reaction?
What does a more positive standard reduction potential (SRP) indicate about the reaction?
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In a lead acid battery, which of the following statements is true regarding the SRP at the anode?
In a lead acid battery, which of the following statements is true regarding the SRP at the anode?
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How does the total voltage of a redox reaction in a lead acid battery get computed?
How does the total voltage of a redox reaction in a lead acid battery get computed?
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Which of the following describes the arrangement of batteries when connected in parallel?
Which of the following describes the arrangement of batteries when connected in parallel?
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What happens to the voltage when batteries are connected in series?
What happens to the voltage when batteries are connected in series?
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What occurs at the cathode during the reaction in a battery?
What occurs at the cathode during the reaction in a battery?
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Which statement about standard reduction potential (SRP) is true?
Which statement about standard reduction potential (SRP) is true?
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What is the significance of the inverse of the SRP at the anode?
What is the significance of the inverse of the SRP at the anode?
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Study Notes
Energy Storage Technologies
- Various technologies store excess electricity for later use, ranging from seconds to hours
- Some technologies convert non-electric energy to electricity, while others store electricity and release it as another form of energy
- Batteries are the most common way to store energy for later use
Major Forms of Energy Storage
- Electrochemical: Batteries, hydrogen fuel cells
- Electromagnetic: Capacitors
- Thermodynamic: Compressed air, ice, molten salt
- Mechanical: Pumped hydroelectric dam, flywheel
Battery Basics
- Three main components: negative anode, positive cathode, electrolyte
- When a conductor connects to electrodes, electrons move from anode to cathode through the conductor, and ions move between electrodes through the electrolyte
- Battery efficiency is about 80-85% due to internal resistance and heat loss
- Batteries self-discharge over time
Battery Voltage Source
- Chemical reactions occur at both electrodes during discharge
- Oxidation (loss of electrons) occurs at the anode
- Reduction (gain of electrons) occurs at the cathode
- These are half-reactions of a redox reaction
Standard Reduction Potential (SRP)
- SRP measures how easily an electrode will be reduced (gain electrons)
- Higher SRP = more spontaneous reaction (higher voltage)
- Positive SRP at the cathode (reduction)
- Negative SRP at the anode (oxidation), but expressed as a + when related to oxidation
Lead Acid Battery Example
- Cathode SRP = +1.7V
- Anode SRP = -0.35V (expressed as +0.35V for oxidation)
- Total redox reaction is approximately 2V
Battery Arrangements
- Series: Connecting anodes of one battery to the cathodes of another increases voltage
- Parallel: Connecting anodes to anodes and cathodes to cathodes increases capacity
Battery Metrics
- Voltage: Potential difference
- Current Output: Rate of charge flow
- Power Output: Rate of energy transfer
- Power Loss: Caused by internal resistance
- Charge Capacity: Measured in Amp-hours (Ah)
- Energy Capacity: Measured in Watt-hours (Wh)
- Energy Density: Wh/m³
- Power Density: W/m³
- Specific Energy: Wh/kg
- Specific Power: W/kg
Battery Performance
- Batteries need a higher charging voltage to ensure reactions complete
- Battery voltage decreases during discharge due to internal resistance
- Loss of available charge and reduced performance due to internal resistance, temperature, and repeated use
- Repeated charging and discharging reduces the capacity over time and reduces the efficiency of electrochemical reactions
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
- Different from batteries; store energy from hydrogen as fuel
- Hydrogen is produced through electrolysis of water or reformation of methane
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Description
This quiz covers various energy storage technologies, including batteries and their components, as well as different methods of storing energy such as electrochemical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic, and mechanical systems. Test your knowledge on how these technologies function and their efficiency in energy storage.
