Energy Sources Chapter 8 and 20 Review
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Questions and Answers

What is a common disadvantage of both fossil fuels and biomass?

  • Limited availability
  • Chemical pollution
  • Carbon dioxide emissions (correct)
  • High cost of extraction

Which energy resource is classified as non-renewable?

  • Solar energy
  • Wind energy
  • Hydroelectric power
  • Nuclear energy (correct)

What process is used to extract diesel and octane from petroleum?

  • Electrolysis
  • Fractional distillation (correct)
  • Hydrocracking
  • Pyrolysis

What is a significant disadvantage of using hydrogen fuel cells?

<p>Requires a lot of energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element provides approximately 3 million times more energy than the same amount of coal?

<p>Uranium-235 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the energy from hydroelectric power come from?

<p>Moving water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is usually the fuel in a nuclear reactor?

<p>Uranium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main by-products from burning fossil fuels and biomass?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water vapor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in both nuclear fusion and fission?

<p>Matter is transformed into energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an environmental disadvantage of hydroelectric dams?

<p>They disrupt local ecosystems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tidal energy?

<p>Energy from the movement of water due to gravitational forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a species reaches its carrying capacity?

<p>Resources become limiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a generator?

<p>Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hydroelectric power

Energy derived from the movement of water, typically due to tides or rivers.

Nuclear energy

Energy from the splitting of atoms in a nuclear reactor.

Nuclear fusion

The process of combining atomic nuclei to release energy.

Nuclear fission

The process of splitting an atomic nucleus to release energy.

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Function of a generator

The process of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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Carrying capacity

The maximum population size an environment can sustain.

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Photochemical smog

A type of air pollution caused by chemical reactions involving sunlight and pollutants.

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Control rods

Rods used to control the rate of nuclear reactions.

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Disadvantage of Fossil Fuels and Biomass

Fossil fuels and biomass are both non-renewable energy sources because they are finite resources that take millions of years to form. They contribute to climate change because they emit greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide when burned.

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Energy Density of Uranium-235

Uranium-235 is a radioactive element used in nuclear power plants. It has a much higher energy density compared to coal, meaning it releases significantly more energy per unit mass. It is used to generate electricity through nuclear fission, a process that releases tremendous amounts of energy.

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Fractional Distillation

Fractional distillation is a process used to separate different components of crude oil based on their boiling points. Different petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, and kerosene are extracted and separated through this process.

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Hydrogen fuel cells convert hydrogen gas into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen. The only byproduct of this reaction is water, making it a clean and efficient energy source. It is still under development and can be produced through renewable methods.

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Study Notes

Chapter 8 and 20 Review

  • Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source
  • Nuclear energy is a non-renewable energy source
  • Solar energy is a renewable energy source
  • Hydroelectric energy is a renewable energy source
  • Wind energy is a renewable energy source
  • Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source
  • Hydrogen fuel cells are a renewable energy source
  • Biomass is a renewable energy source
  • A disadvantage of fossil fuels is carbon dioxide.
  • Uranium has 3 million times the energy of coal.
  • About 85% of electricity in the US comes from fossil fuels.
  • Examples of fossil fuels include petroleum, natural gas and coal.
  • Fractional distillation is used to separate petroleum
  • Biomass includes things like wood, soy, and corn, which produce water when burned for energy.
  • A disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells is that they are expensive.
  • An advantage of using nuclear fuel is that it produces zero carbon dioxide.
  • A disadvantage of using nuclear fuel is radioactive waste.
  • Geothermal energy comes from heat inside the earth.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the key concepts from Chapters 8 and 20 related to renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Test your understanding of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and various renewable energy options like solar and wind. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each energy source discussed in these chapters.

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