Energy Sources and Thermodynamics Overview

Energy Sources

• Energy sources are materials harnessed to produce energy
• Natural resources are naturally occurring materials usable for economic gain
• Energy is the ability to do work

Forms of Energy

• Kinetic Energy: Energy of movement (mechanical, sound, light, heat, electrical)
• Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position, properties, and forces (gravitational, elastic)

Laws of Thermodynamics

• 1st Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
• Energy can change from one form to another. There are two categories of Energy Resources
• Renewable Energy Sources: Derived from natural processes continually replenished.
• Non-renewable Energy Sources: Finite and deplete over time

Department of Energy (DOE)

• The executive department of the Philippine government responsible for energy planning, coordination, supervision, and control.

National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP)

• A private corporation established in 2009 (RA 9511)
• Manages, maintains, and transmits electricity

Renewable Energy

• Solar Energy: Energy from the sun
• Wind Energy: Uses wind turbines to generate electricity
• Hydroelectric Energy: Converts falling water energy into electricity
• Geothermal Energy: Uses Earth's internal heat
• Bioenergy: Organic materials (biomass) from plants and animals

Non-renewable Energy

• Fossil Fuels: Organic materials buried in rock (coal, oil, natural gas)
• Nuclear Energy: Energy released from splitting atoms (uranium, plutonium)

Fossil Fuels

• Coal: A sedimentary rock primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed by the process of coalification.
• Natural Gas: A colorless and odorless compound primarily methane.
• Oil (Petroleum): A black, thick, and mushy liquid found between rock layers
• Fossil Fuels can be found in the form of coal, oil, or natural gas
• Coal is also categorized as a rank. Ranks include lignite, bituminous, and anthracite
• Fossil fuels are formed from organic matter buried in rocks; these materials undergo changes through metamorphism.

Extraction Methods

• Coal: Surface/underground mining
• Petroleum: On-land/offshore drilling
• Natural Gas: Drilling, and transport through pipelines

Geothermal Energy

• Geothermal energy is the internal heat energy from the Earth. Geothermal energy comes from the Earth's internal heat and radioactive decay.
• Sources include hot springs, and geysers, which can be harnessed to produce energy.
• Geothermal reservoirs are naturally occurring or man-made aquifers with hot water/steam. This heat/water comes from deep within the Earth

This quiz covers key concepts in energy sources, forms of energy, and the laws of thermodynamics. It also touches upon the roles of the Department of Energy and the National Grid Corporation in the Philippines. Test your understanding of renewable and non-renewable energy resources and their impact on our economy.