Energy Sources and Thermodynamics Overview

Energy Sources

• Energy sources are materials harnessed to produce energy
• Natural resources are naturally occurring materials usable for economic gain
• Energy is the ability to do work

Forms of Energy

• Kinetic Energy: Energy of movement (mechanical, sound, light, heat, electrical)
• Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position, properties, and forces (gravitational, elastic)

Laws of Thermodynamics

• 1st Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
• Energy can change from one form to another. There are two categories of Energy Resources
• Renewable Energy Sources: Derived from natural processes continually replenished.
• Non-renewable Energy Sources: Finite and deplete over time

Department of Energy (DOE)

• The executive department of the Philippine government responsible for energy planning, coordination, supervision, and control.

National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP)

• A private corporation established in 2009 (RA 9511)
• Manages, maintains, and transmits electricity

Renewable Energy

• Solar Energy: Energy from the sun
• Wind Energy: Uses wind turbines to generate electricity
• Hydroelectric Energy: Converts falling water energy into electricity
• Geothermal Energy: Uses Earth's internal heat
• Bioenergy: Organic materials (biomass) from plants and animals

Non-renewable Energy

• Fossil Fuels: Organic materials buried in rock (coal, oil, natural gas)
• Nuclear Energy: Energy released from splitting atoms (uranium, plutonium)

Fossil Fuels

• Coal: A sedimentary rock primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed by the process of coalification.
• Natural Gas: A colorless and odorless compound primarily methane.
• Oil (Petroleum): A black, thick, and mushy liquid found between rock layers
• Fossil Fuels can be found in the form of coal, oil, or natural gas
• Coal is also categorized as a rank. Ranks include lignite, bituminous, and anthracite
• Fossil fuels are formed from organic matter buried in rocks; these materials undergo changes through metamorphism.

Extraction Methods

• Coal: Surface/underground mining
• Petroleum: On-land/offshore drilling
• Natural Gas: Drilling, and transport through pipelines

Geothermal Energy

• Geothermal energy is the internal heat energy from the Earth. Geothermal energy comes from the Earth's internal heat and radioactive decay.
• Sources include hot springs, and geysers, which can be harnessed to produce energy.
• Geothermal reservoirs are naturally occurring or man-made aquifers with hot water/steam. This heat/water comes from deep within the Earth