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Questions and Answers
What process involves the transfer of heat that can melt surrounding rock into magma at convergent boundaries?
What process involves the transfer of heat that can melt surrounding rock into magma at convergent boundaries?
Which process describes the formation of intrusive igneous rock from solidified magma beneath the Earth's surface?
Which process describes the formation of intrusive igneous rock from solidified magma beneath the Earth's surface?
What is the role of water or carbon dioxide in the melting of rock?
What is the role of water or carbon dioxide in the melting of rock?
What is a key characteristic of volcanism?
What is a key characteristic of volcanism?
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Which statement best defines metamorphism?
Which statement best defines metamorphism?
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Which scientific theory explains the processes driving rock formation through internal Earth heat?
Which scientific theory explains the processes driving rock formation through internal Earth heat?
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What is a common outcome of flux melting?
What is a common outcome of flux melting?
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In which geological scenario does metamorphism typically occur?
In which geological scenario does metamorphism typically occur?
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What is a primary component of soil that contributes to its fertility?
What is a primary component of soil that contributes to its fertility?
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Which of the following states of matter constitutes soil?
Which of the following states of matter constitutes soil?
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What does soil texture indicate?
What does soil texture indicate?
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Which gas is NOT typically found in the open spaces of the soil?
Which gas is NOT typically found in the open spaces of the soil?
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How does soil moisture impact plant growth?
How does soil moisture impact plant growth?
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Which characteristic of soil describes the thickness from the surface to a root-limiting layer?
Which characteristic of soil describes the thickness from the surface to a root-limiting layer?
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What aspect of soil does poor soil structure influence?
What aspect of soil does poor soil structure influence?
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Why is soil considered a semi non-renewable resource?
Why is soil considered a semi non-renewable resource?
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What primarily causes soil erosion to accelerate in a given area?
What primarily causes soil erosion to accelerate in a given area?
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Which of the following is a consequence of soil acidification?
Which of the following is a consequence of soil acidification?
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What is the primary result of salinization in soil?
What is the primary result of salinization in soil?
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Which process is referred to as the extreme degradation of productive land in arid areas?
Which process is referred to as the extreme degradation of productive land in arid areas?
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What is the effect of heavy metal contamination in soil?
What is the effect of heavy metal contamination in soil?
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What triggers eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?
What triggers eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?
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What is a common consequence of deforestation on soil?
What is a common consequence of deforestation on soil?
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Which of the following describes soil pollution?
Which of the following describes soil pollution?
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What is the result of molten material spreading out at a mid-ocean ridge?
What is the result of molten material spreading out at a mid-ocean ridge?
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Which of the following is not a type of convergent boundary?
Which of the following is not a type of convergent boundary?
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At what average rate do tectonic plates generally move each year?
At what average rate do tectonic plates generally move each year?
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Which type of plate movement occurs when two tectonic plates slide past one another?
Which type of plate movement occurs when two tectonic plates slide past one another?
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Which of these boundaries is specifically associated with the interaction between two oceanic plates?
Which of these boundaries is specifically associated with the interaction between two oceanic plates?
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What can be a major geological feature resulting from a convergent boundary?
What can be a major geological feature resulting from a convergent boundary?
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What is a characteristic feature of divergent boundaries?
What is a characteristic feature of divergent boundaries?
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Which tectonic plate movement generally occurs at an average rate of 4 cm per year?
Which tectonic plate movement generally occurs at an average rate of 4 cm per year?
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What type of waste includes crop residues and agro-industrial by-products?
What type of waste includes crop residues and agro-industrial by-products?
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Which of the following is a major component of hazardous waste?
Which of the following is a major component of hazardous waste?
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What is the primary goal of waste management?
What is the primary goal of waste management?
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Wastewater can also be referred to as:
Wastewater can also be referred to as:
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Which method is NOT typically associated with waste management?
Which method is NOT typically associated with waste management?
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Which of the following substances is commonly found in wastewater?
Which of the following substances is commonly found in wastewater?
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What type of waste includes materials from health care facilities?
What type of waste includes materials from health care facilities?
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Which method of waste management involves processing waste to reduce its volume?
Which method of waste management involves processing waste to reduce its volume?
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What is the primary characteristic of non-renewable energy sources?
What is the primary characteristic of non-renewable energy sources?
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Which fossil fuel is formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms?
Which fossil fuel is formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms?
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How is coal primarily formed?
How is coal primarily formed?
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Which process best describes how petroleum is extracted for use?
Which process best describes how petroleum is extracted for use?
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What energy source is represented by the use of wind turbines?
What energy source is represented by the use of wind turbines?
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What type of energy is NOT considered renewable?
What type of energy is NOT considered renewable?
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What is the primary fuel that primarily composes natural gas?
What is the primary fuel that primarily composes natural gas?
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What is the sequence of energy conversion to generate electricity from fossil fuels?
What is the sequence of energy conversion to generate electricity from fossil fuels?
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What type of coal is known for being the hardest and has the highest carbon content?
What type of coal is known for being the hardest and has the highest carbon content?
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What term describes the processes that create and modify landforms on the Earth's surface?
What term describes the processes that create and modify landforms on the Earth's surface?
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Which renewable energy source generates electricity using the flow of water?
Which renewable energy source generates electricity using the flow of water?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of fossil fuels?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of fossil fuels?
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Which type of energy uses the heat stored within the Earth's crust?
Which type of energy uses the heat stored within the Earth's crust?
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What is the primary method of energy transformation used in converting heat energy from fossil fuels?
What is the primary method of energy transformation used in converting heat energy from fossil fuels?
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Study Notes
Energy Resources
- Energy is the ability to do work and comes in various forms
- Non-renewable energy sources are those that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetime
- Fossil fuels are formed from fossilized remains of plants and animals, high in carbon content
- Oil (petroleum): Mined, transported to refineries, then refined into usable fuels (e.g., gasoline, propane, kerosene). Crude oil is a fossil fuel mostly used in making diesel, asphalt, and kerosene.
- Natural gas: Composed mostly of methane; used as a fuel to make chemicals and materials.
- Coal: Mostly made up of carbon; heavy, black, hard, flammable rock used as a solid fossil fuel. It is a sedimentary rock.
- Nuclear energy: A non-renewable energy, generating electricity from the splitting of atoms.
How Coal Formed
- Coal formed from massive plants that died in swamps millions of years ago
- Over time, these plants were buried under water and dirt
- Heat and pressure turned the dead plants into coal
Renewable/Alternative Energy
- Energy sources not based on the burning of fossil fuels or splitting of atoms; for example, Solar, Biofuel, Hydroelectric, Geothermal and Wind energy.
Formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas
- Tiny marine plants and animals died and were buried in the ocean floor
- Over millions of years, the remains were buried deeper and deeper, under layers of sand and silt
- Heat and pressure turned the remains into oil and natural gas
Environmental Concerns associated with Fossil Fuels
- Fossil fuels cause air and water pollution.
- Release of CO2 at a level harmful to the environment.
- Being slowly replaced by renewable sources, dependent on technological advancements
Geomorphic Process
- Physical processes creating and modifying landforms on the surface of the Earth.
- Exogenic processes involve weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and transportation and deposition.
- Endogenic processes shape the Earth's internal structures and involve processes such as Plate Tectonics, Igneous Processes and tectonic processes.
Weathering
- Disintegration and decomposition of rocks in situ
- Produces regolith (loose rock material).
- Types: Physical (mechanical) and chemical.
Mass Wasting
- Downslope movement of rock, soil, or other debris due to the pull of gravity.
- Factors affecting mass wasting include: speed of movement, type of material, slope, water, soil cover, and geologic structure.
Soil
- Consists of matter in solid, liquid, and gas states.
- It is a mixture of mineral grains, organic materials, water, and air (soil texture)
- Soil quality is the capacity of the soil to sustain biological productivity, maintain environmental quality and promote plant and animal health.
- Poor soil management leads to soil pollution, erosion, desertification, acidification, salinization, deforestation, heavy metal contamination, and eutrophication.
Waste
- Any material, substance, or by-product discarded after the completion of a process.
- Types of waste: Municipal (household, and commercial), Industrial, Agricultural, and Hazardous waste.
- Waste Management: schemes for managing and disposing of waste (recycling, incineration, etc.).
- Pollution refers to the introduction of harmful materials into the environment
Plate Tectonics
- Theory that the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move.
- Types of plate movement include divergent, convergent, and transform boundary.
- Processes shaping the Earth's surface include sea-floor spreading, and subduction.
Magma and Metamorphism
- Magma is molten or semi-molten rock found below the surface of the Earth.
- Metamorphism is the alteration of a rock's composition or structure due to extreme heat, pressure, or other natural agencies.
- Types of metamorphism include contact, cataclastic, hydrothermal, regional, burial, and shock/impact metamorphism.
Water Resources
- Water's volume makes up 71% of the Earth's surface.
- Water exists in reservoirs, on the surface, underground (groundwater).
- Water contamination is caused by sewage, agricultural pollutants, and harmful chemical leakage from industries.
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Description
This quiz explores various energy resources, focusing on non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and nuclear energy. It also delves into the formation of coal, detailing how ancient plant matter transformed under heat and pressure over millions of years. Test your knowledge on the origins and types of energy!
