Energy Conversion in Physics
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Questions and Answers

What is the SI unit for mass?

  • pound
  • gram
  • kilogram (correct)
  • liter

    • Which of the following is true about 1 meter?

  • 1 meter is less than 1 yard.
  • 1 meter is equal to 0.5 kilometers.
  • 1 meter is equal to 1000 millimeters. (correct)
  • 1 meter is equal to 100 centimeters. (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT an SI base unit?

  • liter (correct)
  • kelvin
  • ampere
  • cubic meter

    • What does the term 'temperature' measure?

    <p>The relative heat of an object compared to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many centimeters are in 1 meter?

    <p>100 centimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of luminous intensity in the SI units?

    <p>candela</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 kilometer in miles?

    <p>0.62137 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the conversion of mass?

    <p>1 kilogram equals 1000 grams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to potential energy when a weight is lifted and then falls?

    <p>It is converted to kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy is released when a stretched spring is released?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is potential energy converted to kinetic energy involving charges?

    <p>When oppositely charged particles are attracted to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step of the Scientific Method?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a hypothesis?

    <p>It is a tentative explanation that must be testable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After conducting an experiment, which possible outcome can be drawn about the hypothesis?

    <p>The hypothesis can be accepted or rejected based on data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of converting potential energy into kinetic energy?

    <p>A car moving after fuel is burned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of energy in physical systems?

    <p>It cannot be created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of significant figures in a calculated answer when multiplying or dividing?

    <p>The same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When adding two measurements 83.5 mL and 23.28 mL, how many decimal places should the answer have?

    <p>One decimal place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the number 5.379 is rounded to three significant figures, what is the result?

    <p>5.38</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of exact numbers?

    <p>They have no uncertainty associated with them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 17.6500 is rounded to two significant figures, what will be the final answer?

    <p>17.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the calculation $9.2 ext{ cm} imes 6.8 ext{ cm} imes 0.3744 ext{ cm}$, what is the correctly rounded volume?

    <p>23 cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with significant figures during multistep calculations?

    <p>Carry two or more additional significant figures through to the final answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many significant figures does the number 0.0000007160 cm³ have?

    <p>4 significant figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final result when calculating 16.205 cm² − 1.5 cm² rounded to the correct significant figures?

    <p>14.7 cm²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is precision defined in scientific measurements?

    <p>Closeness of measurements in a series to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does random error in measurements indicate?

    <p>Values vary both higher and lower than the actual value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about significant figures is true?

    <p>Exact numbers do not affect the significant figures in a calculation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you divide 48.0 g by 11.55 cm³, what is the correct answer rounded to the appropriate significant figures?

    <p>4.16 g/cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a calculation involving units, how would you express the multiplication of 3 ft and 4 ft?

    <p>12 ft²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the conversion $4.80 \times 10^4$ mg to grams?

    <p>48.0 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a systematic error in measurements?

    <p>Values are consistently distorted in one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much fabric is required for 3 bolts if 1 bolt corresponds to 200 m²?

    <p>600 m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor from m² to ft² given that 0.3048 m = 1 ft?

    <p>$ rac{1}{0.3048^2}$ ft²/m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chairs can be accommodated if the available fabric is 6460 ft² and each chair requires 31.5 ft²?

    <p>205 chairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes density?

    <p>Density is mass divided by volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of water at room temperature?

    <p>0.998 g/cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At normal atmospheric pressure, what is the density of lead?

    <p>11.3 g/cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance has the highest density listed in the common substances table?

    <p>Gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition must be considered when determining the density of a substance?

    <p>Temperature and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Conservation

    • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
    • Potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy in various systems.

    Potential to Kinetic Energy Conversions

    • Gravitational System: Lifting an object stores potential energy, which is released as kinetic energy when it falls.
    • Spring System: A stretched spring contains potential energy that converts to kinetic energy when released, demonstrating energy conservation.
    • Charged Particles: Separating oppositely charged particles stores potential energy, which converts to kinetic energy as they attract each other.
    • Fuel Combustion: Chemical potential energy in fuel converts to kinetic energy, powering a car as the fuel burns.

    Scientific Method

    • Utilizes quantitative analysis to understand materials, moving beyond trial and error.
    • Steps:
      • Observation: Can be qualitative (visual) or quantitative (measured).
      • Hypothesis: A testable and falsifiable explanation for observations.
      • Experimentation: Designs predictions based on the hypothesis, executed to test them.
      • Conclusions: Assess experimental data to validate or invalidate the hypothesis.

    SI Base Units

    • Mass: kilogram (kg)
    • Length: meter (m)
    • Time: second (s)
    • Temperature: kelvin (K)
    • Amount of substance: mole (mol)
    • Electric current: ampere (A)
    • Luminous intensity: candela (cd)

    SI and English Equivalent Quantities

    • Length:
      • 1 km = 1000 m
      • 1 m = 100 cm
      • 1 cm = 0.01 m
    • Volume:
      • 1 m³ = 1,000,000 cm³
      • 1 dm³ = 1000 cm³
    • Mass:
      • 1 kg = 1000 g

    Significant Figures

    • Multiplication/Division: Output retains the number of significant figures from the measurement with the fewest significant figures.
    • Addition/Subtraction: Output follows the measurement with the fewest decimal places.
    • Rounding rules: Adjust based on digits removed (greater than 5, less than 5, or exactly 5 followed by zeros).

    Precision and Accuracy

    • Precision: Closeness of measurements in a series.
    • Accuracy: Closeness of measurements to the true value.
    • Errors:
      • Systematic error: Affects all measurements in one direction (higher or lower).
      • Random error: Causes variations above and below the true value.

    Density

    • Defined as mass per unit volume, it is a characteristic physical property at given temperature and pressure.
    • Density varies by substance, e.g.:
      • Water: 0.998 g/cm³
      • Gold: 19.3 g/cm³

    Conversion Factors

    • Ratios used to express quantities in different units, essential for converting measurements accurately in calculations.

    Laboratory Practices

    • Understanding the limits of measuring devices influences the accuracy of significant figures.
    • Exact numbers have no uncertainty and do not limit significant figures in calculations.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the principles of energy conversion through potential and kinetic energy in various systems. This quiz will test your understanding of how energy is conserved and transformed in gravitational and spring systems. Discover the stability associated with lower energy states.

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