Energy Conservation and Hydrocarbons Quiz

Study Notes

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.
Implications include the ability to transform energy from one type to another while maintaining total energy balance.

Characterized by the presence of a benzene ring in their molecular structure.
Include compounds that exhibit unique stability and chemical properties due to their resonance structure.

C₁ - C₄: Refinery gas, primarily used for heating and as fuel.
C₅ - C₁₀: Petrol (light gasoline), commonly used as fuel in vehicles.
C₇ - C₁₀: Naphtha, often used as a solvent or as a feedstock in petrochemical processes.
C₁₀ - C₁₄: Kerosene (paraffin), used as a fuel for jet engines and heating.
C₁₄ - C₁₉: Diesel oil (gas oil), utilized in diesel engines and for heating purposes.
C₁₉ - C₃₅: Lubricating oil, essential for reducing friction in machinery.
C₃₀ - C₄₅: Fuel oil, used for heating and in power generation.
C₃₅: Bitumen, used in road construction and roofing materials.

Combustion equation: Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → CO₂ + H₂O + heat.
Represents the chemical reaction where hydrocarbons release energy and produce carbon dioxide and water.

Formula: m x c x ∆T.
m = mass of the liquid in kg, c = specific heat capacity, ∆T = change in temperature.

Refers to ignition occurring without an external spark, typically due to high temperatures and pressure.

Influenced by carbon chain length, degree of branching, and presence of cyclic structures.
Higher octane numbers indicate better fuel stability and resistance to knocking.

Tetraethyl lead: Historically used but was phased out due to toxicity and poisoning effects on catalytic converters.
Oxygenates: Improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions, as they burn more cleanly.