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Questions and Answers
What is the capacity to do work called?
What is the capacity to do work called?
Energy
Which type of energy is possessed by a body due to its position?
Which type of energy is possessed by a body due to its position?
What is the ultimate source of energy for life?
What is the ultimate source of energy for life?
Energy can be created or destroyed.
Energy can be created or destroyed.
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What is the term for the energy released by a chemical reaction?
What is the term for the energy released by a chemical reaction?
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Match the forms of energy to their definitions:
Match the forms of energy to their definitions:
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What are enzymes?
What are enzymes?
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The total amount of energy is called ______.
The total amount of energy is called ______.
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What is the study of energy conversions called?
What is the study of energy conversions called?
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Which of the following increases disorder or randomness in a system?
Which of the following increases disorder or randomness in a system?
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Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms.
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms.
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Study Notes
Energy
- What is Energy? The capability to do work, cause a change in the state or motion of matter, ability to promote change.
- Forms of Energy: Potential, Kinetic
Potential Energy
- Definition: Energy possessed by an object due to its position.
- Physical Examples: Roller coaster at the top, stretched rubber band, extended or compressed spring, water behind a dam, concentration gradient.
- Biological Molecules: Chemical potential energy stored in their chemical bonds.
Kinetic Energy
- Definition: Energy possessed by a moving object.
- Examples: Swinging baseball, moving molecules.
Heat Energy
- Definition: Energy flowing from high temperature to low temperature.
Mechanical Energy
- Definition: Energy in the movement of matter.
Units of Energy
- Kilojoule (kJ)
- Kilocalorie (kcal)
Thermodynamics
- The study of energy conversions
-
First Law of Thermodynamics:
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
- Energy can be transferred or transformed.
- The total amount of energy in the universe remains constant.
- Also known as the law of energy conservation.
-
Second Law of Thermodynamics:
- Objects tend towards disorder or randomness.
- Energy transfer or transformation increases disorder (entropy).
Entropy
- Measure of randomness
Enthalpy, Free Energy, and Entropy
- Enthalpy (H): Total amount of energy
- Free Energy (G): Usable energy for work
- Entropy (S): Unusable energy
- Energy Equations: H = G + TS OR G = H - TS
Types of Energy Useful to Biology
- Light energy
- Heat energy
- Mechanical energy
- Chemical energy
- Electrical energy
Enzymes
- Definition: Proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions, making them run faster.
- Significance: Without enzymes, spontaneous reactions would be very slow.
Ribozymes
- Definition: Catalytic RNAs
Metabolism
- The sum total of all reactions in a cell
Chemical Reactions
- Processes where substances are changed into other substances
- Examples:
- Building molecules
- Breaking down molecules
- Rearrangement of atoms within a molecule
Activation Energy
- The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur
- Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
Enzyme Characteristics
- Specificity: Enzymes catalyze only specific reactions
- Efficiency: Enzymes can greatly increase reaction rates
- Regulation: Enzyme activity can be controlled
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Temperature: Too high or too low temperatures can denature (destroy) enzymes
- pH: Enzymes have optimal pH ranges
- Substrate Concentration: Increasing substrate concentration increases reaction rate up to a point.
- Enzyme Concentration: Increasing enzyme concentration increases reaction rate.
- Inhibitors: Molecules that can decrease or stop enzyme activity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of energy including potential, kinetic, and heat energy. This quiz covers definitions, examples, and the laws governing energy conversions in thermodynamics. Explore how energy plays a vital role in both physical and biological systems.
