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Questions and Answers
Energy balance is achieved when energy intake is equal to energy expenditure.
Energy balance is achieved when energy intake is equal to energy expenditure.
True
Energy balance can only be achieved at a healthy weight.
Energy balance can only be achieved at a healthy weight.
False
What is the unit of measurement for energy?
What is the unit of measurement for energy?
Kilocalories (kcal) or Kilojoules (kJ)
What are the three energy-yielding nutrients?
What are the three energy-yielding nutrients?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting basal metabolic rate?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting basal metabolic rate?
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The [BLANK] measures the total energy content of a food.
The [BLANK] measures the total energy content of a food.
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What is the primary function of ATP in the body?
What is the primary function of ATP in the body?
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Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) refers to energy expenditure during planned exercise.
Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) refers to energy expenditure during planned exercise.
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What is meant by the 'Thermic Effect of Food'?
What is meant by the 'Thermic Effect of Food'?
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Resting energy expenditure (REE) is generally higher than basal metabolic rate (BMR).
Resting energy expenditure (REE) is generally higher than basal metabolic rate (BMR).
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BMR is typically higher in women compared to men.
BMR is typically higher in women compared to men.
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How does an increase in body temperature affect BMR?
How does an increase in body temperature affect BMR?
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Low-energy diets can lead to a decrease in resting metabolic rate.
Low-energy diets can lead to a decrease in resting metabolic rate.
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Which of the following is a good example of Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)?
Which of the following is a good example of Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)?
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Study Notes
Energy Balance
- Energy balance is maintained when energy consumed equals energy expended, maintaining constant body weight.
- Energy balance can be achieved at any weight.
- Energy is the ability to do work, measured in kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (kJ).
- 1 kcal is the heat needed to raise 1 kg of water by 1°C.
Energy In
- Energy intake comes from carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and alcohol.
- Food provides essential energy for bodily functions.
- Food energy content is measured precisely using a bomb calorimeter or estimated from nutrient composition.
Determining Food Energy
- Bomb calorimetry measures total energy content of food.
- Feeding experiments determine available energy, accounting for losses in urine and feces.
- Estimated energy content can be calculated from nutrient composition using these formulas:
- Carbohydrates: 4 kcal/gram
- Protein: 4 kcal/gram
- Fat: 9 kcal/gram
- Alcohol: 7 kcal/gram
Converting Food Energy to ATP
- Energy from food is converted into ATP via metabolic reactions.
Energy Out
- Total energy expenditure (TEE) includes energy for basic functions, activity, and digestion.
- TEE varies based on age and factors like pregnancy.
- Children and pregnant individuals have increased TEE due to tissue/milk production.
- Body temperature regulation also uses energy.
Basal Metabolism
- Basal metabolism accounts for 60-75% of daily energy expenditure.
- Basal energy expenditure (BEE) is the energy needed for involuntary functions like breathing and blood circulation.
- Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy expenditure at rest.
- Measured in a warm environment, 12+ hours post-meal.
- Resting energy expenditure (REE) or resting metabolic rate (RMR) estimates BMR after 5-6 hours without food/activity.
- RMR is usually 10-20% higher than BMR.
- BMR is affected by body weight, sex, growth rate, and age,
- BMR is generally higher in males.
- BMR is influenced by body temperature, thyroid hormones, and low-energy diets.
Physical Activity
- Physical activity is a major component of energy expenditure.
- This includes planned exercise and daily activities (NEAT).
- NEAT accounts for a large portion of energy expenditure and varies greatly.
- Energy needed for activity depends on intensity and duration.
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Description
Test your knowledge on energy balance, food energy sources, and how energy is measured in our diets. This quiz covers concepts such as kilocalories, nutrient composition, and methods of measuring food energy. Ideal for students studying nutrition or health sciences.
