Energy and Its Forms
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the desalting and dewatering process in petroleum processing?

  • To remove water and brine constituents from crude oil (correct)
  • To convert hydrocarbons into simpler molecules
  • To refine crude oil into gasoline
  • To separate crude oil based on boiling points

Which product is primarily produced from the naphtha fraction during distillation?

  • Heating oils
  • Diesel fuel
  • Jet fuel
  • Gasoline (correct)

What happens to the component of a liquid mixture with the lowest boiling point during distillation?

  • It remains as a liquid
  • It cools and solidifies
  • It sinks to the bottom of the column
  • It rises, turning into vapor (correct)

Which of the following processes is NOT part of petroleum conversion processes?

<p>Hydrodesulfurization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could result from not effectively removing contaminants from crude oil before refining?

<p>Equipment corrosion and plugging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology does the Limay Power Plant utilize?

<p>Circulating Fluidized Bed technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of natural gas?

<p>Methane (CH₄) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental impact of burning natural gas?

<p>Contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which power plant started operations in 1998?

<p>Masinloc Power Plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is electricity generated from natural gas in power plants?

<p>Using a gas turbine and electromagnetic induction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for natural gas to form reservoirs?

<p>Porous rocks and impermeable layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main uses of natural gas?

<p>Electricity generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of power plant is the Ilijan Power Plant?

<p>Combined-cycle power plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fuel source does the Santa Rita Combined-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant primarily utilize?

<p>Malampaya gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is used for electrical generation in nuclear energy?

<p>Nuclear fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is released during nuclear fission?

<p>Heat, light, and gamma radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge of nuclear fusion as an energy source?

<p>Achieving controlled conditions on Earth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which natural gas-fired plant has a capacity of 97 MW?

<p>Avion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves splitting a heavy atom's nucleus?

<p>Fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does heat generated from nuclear fission primarily get converted into electricity?

<p>By generating steam to drive turbines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provides a limitless and clean energy source in theory?

<p>Nuclear fusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of exploratory drilling in the oil and gas supply chain?

<p>To verify the presence of hydrocarbons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of underground storage systems for natural gas?

<p>To store excess gas during low consumption and release it during peak demand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the oil and gas supply chain focuses on the extraction of hydrocarbons?

<p>Production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of underground storage utilizes former production sites for gas containment?

<p>Depleted oil and gas fields (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of distribution centers in the oil and gas supply chain?

<p>To coordinate logistics and manage inventory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes aquifers in the context of gas storage?

<p>They are porous rock formations saturated with water that store natural gas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do national oil companies (NOCs) influence global oil supply?

<p>By controlling large portions of oil reserves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes salt caverns as a storage option for natural gas?

<p>Their structural integrity and capacity for large volumes of gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which above-ground storage facility is specifically designed for liquid natural gas?

<p>Liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus during the storage phase of the oil and gas supply chain?

<p>To manage supply and demand during disruptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of companies are classified as International Oil Companies (IOCs)?

<p>Privately-owned companies operating globally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature are liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks generally operated?

<p>-162°C or -260°F (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pressure range for compressed natural gas (CNG) storage?

<p>200-250 bar or 2900-3600 psi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the refining phase in the oil and gas supply chain?

<p>To process crude oil into refined products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do strategic storage reserves serve?

<p>To maintain reserves for energy security and emergency situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for coordinating oil production policies among member countries?

<p>Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the oil and gas supply chain, what does the end-use phase refer to?

<p>The consumption of oil and gas products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes oil and gas tariffs?

<p>Fees charged for the use of transportation infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does public awareness play in the Department of Energy's approach?

<p>To enhance energy efficiency through labeling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of storage is NOT classified as underground storage?

<p>Liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

MASINLOC POWER PLANT

A coal-fired thermal power plant located in Zambales, originally owned by the National Power Corporation (NPC) and operational since 1998.

CALACA POWER STATION

An operational power station in San Rafael, Calaca, Batangas, with a minimum capacity of 900 MW.

LIMAY POWER PLANT

A 4x150 MW coal-fired thermal power plant in the Philippines that utilizes Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) technology.

What is the main component of natural gas?

Natural gas is primarily composed of methane (CH₄), the simplest hydrocarbon, containing one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

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How does natural gas form?

The process of converting organic material into natural gas begins with their accumulation in oxygen-depleted environments like swamps or seabeds. These layers are buried under increasing pressure and temperature, leading to a series of chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler hydrocarbons, primarily methane (CH₄).

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How is electricity generated from natural gas?

Natural gas is used to generate electricity in power plants through a process involving combustion, turbine rotation, and electromagnetic induction.

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What are the environmental impacts of natural gas?

While a cleaner source compared to coal or oil, natural gas is a finite resource and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions when burned.

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Exploration

The process of using geological studies and seismic surveys to identify potential oil and gas deposits.

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Exploratory Drilling

Wells drilled after initial exploration to confirm the presence of hydrocarbons.

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Production

The process of extracting oil and gas from reservoirs.

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Transportation

The transportation of crude oil and natural gas from production sites to refineries.

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Refining

The process of converting crude oil into usable products like gasoline and diesel.

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Storage

Holding refined products and natural gas in storage facilities to manage supply and demand.

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Distribution Centers

Facilities that coordinate the movement of refined products from refineries to gas stations and other consumers.

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Retail

The sale of refined products, like gasoline and diesel, to consumers.

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End-Use

The use of oil and gas products in various sectors like transportation, electricity generation, and manufacturing.

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International Oil Companies (IOCs)

Large, privately owned companies that operate globally in the oil and gas industry.

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Combined Cycle power plant

A type of power plant that combines the heat from burning natural gas with the heat from steam to generate electricity, resulting in higher efficiency.

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Santa Rita Combined-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant

A power plant located in Batangas City, Philippines, utilizing natural gas from the Malampaya gas field. It also has back-up options for fuel.

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Nuclear Fission

A process that involves splitting the nucleus of a heavy atom (like uranium) to release a large amount of heat, which is used to turn water into steam for generating electricity.

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Nuclear Fusion

A type of nuclear reaction where light nuclei (like hydrogen isotopes) are combined to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a huge amount of energy. It's a potential limitless and clean energy source.

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Nuclear Energy

An energy source that comes from nuclear reactions, either fission or fusion, involving the nucleus of an atom.

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Avion Open-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant

A 97-MW power plant located in Batangas City, Philippines, running on natural gas. It utilizes an open-cycle design for generating electricity.

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San Lorenzo Combined-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant

A power plant located in Batangas City, Philippines, that utilizes natural gas to generate electricity via a combined cycle system.

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San Gabriel Combined-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant

A power plant located in Batangas City, Philippines, that combines natural gas with a combined cycle system to generate electricity.

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Dewatering and Desalting

Water and impurities in crude oil are removed to prevent equipment damage and catalyst deactivation during refining.

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Distillation

A separation technique that separates components of a liquid mixture based on their boiling points.

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Light Ends

The most volatile components of crude oil, like gases and light liquids.

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Naphtha

A fraction collected during distillation, used as a feedstock for gasoline and petrochemicals.

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Kerosene

A distillation fraction used mainly as jet fuel and heating oil.

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Underground Storage

Storing natural gas in underground formations to balance supply and demand.

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Depleted Oil and Gas Fields (Storage)

Reusing old oil and gas wells to hold natural gas.

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Aquifers (Storage)

Porous rock formations filled with water, used to store natural gas.

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Salt Caverns (Storage)

Artificial caverns created by dissolving salt for storing large volumes of gas.

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Above-Ground Storage Facilities

Facilities designed for immediate and flexible gas storage.

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LNG Tanks

Insulated tanks storing natural gas in liquid form at extremely low temperatures.

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Cryogenic Tanks

Similar to LNG tanks, these store natural gas at very low temperatures.

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CNG Storage

Compressed natural gas stored in high-pressure cylinders, often used for fueling stations.

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Strategic Storage

Natural gas or oil reserves kept for emergencies or disruptions.

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Oil and Gas Tariffs

Fees for using pipelines and terminals to transport oil and gas.

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Study Notes

  • Energy is the ability to do work
  • It powers all daily devices and machines
  • Sources include the sun, food, and fuels like gasoline
  • Potential energy is stored energy of position or gravitational
  • Forms of potential energy include: Chemical, Elastic, Nuclear, Gravitational, Kinetic, Electrical, Radiant, Thermal, and Motion
  • Atoms are made of tiny particles called electrons, protons, and neutrons
  • Electricity is the movement of electrons
  • Radiant energy travels in transverse waves (visible light, x-rays, gamma rays, and radio waves)
  • Thermal energy is often described as heat
  • Mechanical energy is the movement of objects and substances
  • Sound energy is the movement of energy through substances
  • Non-renewable energy sources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, propane, and uranium, are used to generate electricity, heat homes, operate cars, and manufacture products
  • Fossil fuels generate heat, light, and electricity; they are primary sources for generating electricity globally
  • Coal is made from decomposed plant matter subjected to high temperature and pressure
  • The Philippines has major coal-fired power plants such as Suai (largest), Pagbilao, Masinloc, and Calaca Power Stations
  • Natural gas is formed through thermogenic or organic thermal maturation
  • It's primarily composed of methane (CH4)
  • Natural gas is a cleaner-burning fuel than coal and oil, but it is a finite resource
  • Natural gas power plants in the Philippines include Ilijan and Santa Rita, and San Lorenzo and Avion
  • Nuclear energy is released in nuclear reactions involving the atoms' nucleus
  • Types of nuclear reactions are fission and fusion
  • Fission is used in nuclear power plants; fusion powers the sun and stars
  • Renewable energy sources replenish themselves naturally
  • Solar energy converts sunlight into electricity (photovoltaic cells)
  • Biomass energy comes from organic materials (wood, agricultural residues, and waste)
  • Hydropower, using dams and turbines, converts water's kinetic energy into electrical energy
  • The Philippines uses significant hydropower (e.g., Caliraya-Botocan-Kalayaan (CBK) Hydroelectric Complex, Magat Dam, Pantabangan Dam, Ambuklao-Binga, and Kanan Dam) for energy generation
  • Wind energy transforms wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy
  • Wave energy uses ocean wave movement for electricity generation
  • Geothermal energy harnesses heat from the Earth's interior

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of energy, including its definition, sources, and various forms such as potential, kinetic, and thermal energy. It also explores the role of atoms in electricity and the impact of non-renewable energy sources. Test your knowledge on the different types of energy and their applications in daily life.

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