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Questions and Answers
Which type of endosperm is characterized by the primary endosperm nucleus dividing repeatedly without wall formation?
Which type of endosperm is characterized by the primary endosperm nucleus dividing repeatedly without wall formation?
- Helobial endosperm
- Nuclear endosperm (correct)
- Cellular endosperm
- Ruminate endosperm
In cellular endosperm development, cell walls are formed only after the endosperm has reached its maximum size.
In cellular endosperm development, cell walls are formed only after the endosperm has reached its maximum size.
False (B)
Which of the following plants is NOT typically associated with nuclear endosperm development?
Which of the following plants is NOT typically associated with nuclear endosperm development?
- Wheat
- Rice
- Datura (correct)
- Maize
In helobial endosperm development, the first division results in two unequal cells due to transverse _______.
In helobial endosperm development, the first division results in two unequal cells due to transverse _______.
Which of the following best describes helobial endosperm development?
Which of the following best describes helobial endosperm development?
The chalazal chamber in helobial endosperm always develops into a large, functional part of the endosperm.
The chalazal chamber in helobial endosperm always develops into a large, functional part of the endosperm.
Name a plant genus associated with cellular endosperm development.
Name a plant genus associated with cellular endosperm development.
What is a key distinction between nuclear and cellular endosperm formation?
What is a key distinction between nuclear and cellular endosperm formation?
In which type of endosperm development does the primary endosperm nucleus divide without any accompanying cytokinesis until later stages?
In which type of endosperm development does the primary endosperm nucleus divide without any accompanying cytokinesis until later stages?
Following the initial transverse cytokinesis in helobial endosperm development, the larger cell is oriented towards the _______ end of the ovule.
Following the initial transverse cytokinesis in helobial endosperm development, the larger cell is oriented towards the _______ end of the ovule.
Flashcards
Nuclear Endosperm
Nuclear Endosperm
The most common type of endosperm development, where the primary endosperm nucleus divides repeatedly without cell wall formation.
Cellular Endosperm
Cellular Endosperm
Endosperm development where each division of the primary endosperm nucleus is followed by cytokinesis, forming cell walls.
Helobial Endosperm
Helobial Endosperm
An intermediate type of endosperm development between nuclear and cellular types.
Study Notes
- Endosperm has three types: nuclear, cellular, and helobial
Nuclear Endosperm
- Most common type
- Primary endosperm nucleus divides repeatedly without wall formation
- Produces free nuclei
- Cell walls form later by simultaneous cytokinesis, creating a multicellular endosperm
- Found in wheat, rice, maize, and sunflower
Cellular Endosperm
- Each division of the primary endosperm nucleus is followed by cytokinesis
- Cell walls are formed successively
- This keeps the endosperm cellular from the beginning
- Found in Datura, Petunia, and Balsam
Helobial Endosperm
- Intermediate between nuclear and cellular types
- During the first division forms two unequal cells by transverse cytokinesis
- One larger cell towards the micropylar end, one smaller towards the chalazal end
- Chalazal chamber may remain small or degenerate
- Found in order Helobiales of monocots
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