Endoplasmic Reticulum and Granulomere Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of the cell coat of platelets?

  • Granulomere
  • Hyalomere
  • Polymorphic glycoprotein molecules (correct)
  • Actin and Myosin filaments

In platelets, what region of the cytosol displays a peripheral clear region and a central darker region?

  • Glycosaminoglycan region
  • Actin and Myosin filaments
  • Granulomere
  • Hyalomere (correct)

What assists platelets in maintaining their discoid morphology?

  • Microtubules (correct)
  • Tubular system
  • Granule contents
  • Polymorphic glycoprotein molecules

Which system connects to invaginations of the plasmalemma in platelets?

<p>Open canalicular system (OCS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves in platelet movements and retraction within the context of exerting haemostatic functions?

<p>Actin and Myosin filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are external elements allowed to enter platelets and the release of granule contents facilitated?

<p>Open canalicular system (OCS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dense tubular system in platelets is responsible for:

<p>Connecting to invaginations of plasmalemma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the platelet is a site of storage for glycoproteins and enables filopodia formation during shape change and activation?

<p>Microtubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dense tubular system within platelets?

<p>Calcium sequestration and release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of granules in platelets contain growth factors like PDGF and adhesive proteins like vWF?

<p>Alpha granules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is found in the Granulomere of platelets that contains hydrolytic enzymes for clot resorption?

<p>Lysosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are present in Delta granules of platelets and are secreted during vasoconstriction?

<p>Serotonin, ADP, ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the platelet releases molecules like serotonin and ADP during platelet activation?

<p>Delta granules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Granulomere's enzyme system for platelets?

<p>Glycogen catabolism, oxygen consumption, ATP generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of granule in platelets serves purposes beyond hemostasis such as inflammation and angiogenesis?

<p>Alpha granules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of platelets in the haemostatic process following vessel wall injury?

<p>Deaccelerate by tethering at the site of injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GPIIbIIIa receptors in platelet aggregation?

<p>Activate fibrinogen bridges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step represents the Primary Haemostatic Plug formation?

<p>Platelet Aggregation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does thrombin play in the formation of the Secondary Haemostatic Plug?

<p>Activating factor XIII (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pathologically developed platelet-rich thrombi, what is the essential therapeutic strategy?

<p>Inhibiting the haemostatic role of platelets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs target ADP receptors to inhibit platelet function?

<p>Purinergic (P2Y12) Inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component contracts during Clot Retraction and Stabilization?

<p>Myosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step to stabilize and cement the platelet plug?

<p>(GP IIb/IIIa Antagonists targeting GP IIb/IIIa receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombin in platelet shape changes?

<p>Causing platelets to send out filopodia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for releasing TXA2 in platelet activation?

<p>COX1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the activation and degranulation of platelets?

<p>Intracellular Ca release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to platelet shape during activation?

<p>They lose their discoid shape and become irregular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a haemostatic content released during platelet degranulation?

<p>Serotonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of released TXA2 and ADP on platelet activation?

<p>Acting in an autocrine manner on platelet surface receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT released during activated platelet degranulation?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most distinguishing feature of platelets among other blood cells?

<p>Non-nucleated structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is abundant in the cytoplasm of a megakaryocyte?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nucleus of a megakaryoblast before platelets begin to be formed?

<p>It becomes highly polyploid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular structure forms during the maturation of a megakaryocyte?

<p>Demarcation membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT abundant in the cytoplasm of a megakaryocyte?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of demarcation membranes in a maturing megakaryocyte?

<p>Guide organelle distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the cytoplasm of a mature megakaryocyte from other cells?

<p>Extensive Golgi complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers platelet shape changes during hemostasis?

<p>Activation of proteinase receptors (PARs R) by thrombin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule released during platelet degranulation acts in an autocrine manner to amplify platelet activation in conjunction with other activators?

<p>TXA2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of platelet degranulation during hemostasis?

<p>Releasing haemostatic contents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor's affinity is increased during platelet activation to amplify the common final pathway?

<p>GPIIbIIIa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the influx of extracellular Ca have on platelets during activation?

<p>Increases intracellular Ca release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme acts on arachidonic acid to form TXA2 during platelet degranulation?

<p>COX1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alpha and dense granules in platelet degranulation?

<p>Release haemostatic contents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do released TXA2 and ADP contribute to platelet activation?

<p>Acting on expressed receptors to amplify activation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step that stabilizes and cements the platelet plug?

<p>Cross-linking and polymerization of fibrin by activated Factor XIII (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is targeted by Thromboxane (TXA2) inhibitors to inhibit platelet activation?

<p>COX1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does thrombin play in platelet shape changes?

<p>Activation of fibrinogen into fibrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists in platelet action?

<p>Inhibiting GPIIbIIIa receptor activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During platelet degranulation, which component is NOT typically released?

<p>Thromboxane (TXA2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Protease-activated receptor-1 Antagonists in platelet function?

<p>Targeting thrombin receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process creates the Primary Haemostatic Plug through irreversible binding of platelets?

<p>'Platelet Aggregation' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cross-linking and polymerization of fibrin by activated Factor XIII do in platelet function?

<p>Stabilize and cement the platelet plug (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombin in platelet activation?

<p>Initiating platelet aggregation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During platelet degranulation, what molecules are NOT typically released?

<p>Growth Factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of platelets is responsible for filopodia formation during shape change and activation?

<p>Alpha granules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of platelet degranulation?

<p>Releasing hemostatically active molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT directly influenced by thrombin in platelets?

<p>Filopodia formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in platelets stores hydrolytic enzymes for clot resorption?

<p>Lysosomes (Lambda granules) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During platelet activation, which component is responsible for releasing molecules like ADP?

<p>Delta granules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of released TXA2 on platelet activation?

<p>Stabilizing the platelet plug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily involved in mediating platelet shape changes during activation?

<p>Dense tubular system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thrombin in platelet activation?

<p>Promote platelet granule secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During platelet aggregation, which molecule plays a key role in connecting adjacent platelets and stabilizing the clot?

<p>Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of platelet degranulation during activation?

<p>Release of growth factors and adhesive proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is involved in the release of molecules like serotonin and ADP during platelet activation?

<p>Golgi complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of thrombin activation on platelets?

<p>Platelet adhesion to the vessel wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle within platelets contains hydrolytic enzymes involved in clot resorption?

<p>Lysosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule released during platelet degranulation aids in promoting vasoconstriction?

<p>Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of thrombin in platelet activation?

<p>Promoting platelet aggregation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During platelet degranulation, which molecules are primarily released?

<p>Serotonin and ADP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of GPIIbIIIa receptors in platelet aggregation?

<p>Mediating platelet-platelet interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process requires the assistance of microtubules in platelets?

<p>Platelet shape changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular component is responsible for storing glycoproteins and facilitating filopodia formation in platelets?

<p>Open canalicular system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary step in platelet activation?

<p>Platelet shape changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell coat in platelets?

<p>Interaction with vessel wall components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ADP during platelet activation?

<p>'Signaling' molecules for aggregation and degranulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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