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Endoplasmic Reticulum and Granulomere Quiz
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Endoplasmic Reticulum and Granulomere Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of the cell coat of platelets?

  • Granulomere
  • Hyalomere
  • Polymorphic glycoprotein molecules (correct)
  • Actin and Myosin filaments

    • In platelets, what region of the cytosol displays a peripheral clear region and a central darker region?

  • Glycosaminoglycan region
  • Actin and Myosin filaments
  • Granulomere
  • Hyalomere (correct)

    • What assists platelets in maintaining their discoid morphology?

  • Microtubules (correct)
  • Tubular system
  • Granule contents
  • Polymorphic glycoprotein molecules

    • Which system connects to invaginations of the plasmalemma in platelets?

    <p>Open canalicular system (OCS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves in platelet movements and retraction within the context of exerting haemostatic functions?

    <p>Actin and Myosin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are external elements allowed to enter platelets and the release of granule contents facilitated?

    <p>Open canalicular system (OCS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dense tubular system in platelets is responsible for:

    <p>Connecting to invaginations of plasmalemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the platelet is a site of storage for glycoproteins and enables filopodia formation during shape change and activation?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dense tubular system within platelets?

    <p>Calcium sequestration and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of granules in platelets contain growth factors like PDGF and adhesive proteins like vWF?

    <p>Alpha granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is found in the Granulomere of platelets that contains hydrolytic enzymes for clot resorption?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are present in Delta granules of platelets and are secreted during vasoconstriction?

    <p>Serotonin, ADP, ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the platelet releases molecules like serotonin and ADP during platelet activation?

    <p>Delta granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Granulomere's enzyme system for platelets?

    <p>Glycogen catabolism, oxygen consumption, ATP generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of granule in platelets serves purposes beyond hemostasis such as inflammation and angiogenesis?

    <p>Alpha granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of platelets in the haemostatic process following vessel wall injury?

    <p>Deaccelerate by tethering at the site of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of GPIIbIIIa receptors in platelet aggregation?

    <p>Activate fibrinogen bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step represents the Primary Haemostatic Plug formation?

    <p>Platelet Aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does thrombin play in the formation of the Secondary Haemostatic Plug?

    <p>Activating factor XIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pathologically developed platelet-rich thrombi, what is the essential therapeutic strategy?

    <p>Inhibiting the haemostatic role of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs target ADP receptors to inhibit platelet function?

    <p>Purinergic (P2Y12) Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component contracts during Clot Retraction and Stabilization?

    <p>Myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step to stabilize and cement the platelet plug?

    <p>(GP IIb/IIIa Antagonists targeting GP IIb/IIIa receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thrombin in platelet shape changes?

    <p>Causing platelets to send out filopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for releasing TXA2 in platelet activation?

    <p>COX1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the activation and degranulation of platelets?

    <p>Intracellular Ca release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to platelet shape during activation?

    <p>They lose their discoid shape and become irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a haemostatic content released during platelet degranulation?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of released TXA2 and ADP on platelet activation?

    <p>Acting in an autocrine manner on platelet surface receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT released during activated platelet degranulation?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most distinguishing feature of platelets among other blood cells?

    <p>Non-nucleated structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is abundant in the cytoplasm of a megakaryocyte?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nucleus of a megakaryoblast before platelets begin to be formed?

    <p>It becomes highly polyploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular structure forms during the maturation of a megakaryocyte?

    <p>Demarcation membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT abundant in the cytoplasm of a megakaryocyte?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of demarcation membranes in a maturing megakaryocyte?

    <p>Guide organelle distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the cytoplasm of a mature megakaryocyte from other cells?

    <p>Extensive Golgi complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers platelet shape changes during hemostasis?

    <p>Activation of proteinase receptors (PARs R) by thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule released during platelet degranulation acts in an autocrine manner to amplify platelet activation in conjunction with other activators?

    <p>TXA2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelet degranulation during hemostasis?

    <p>Releasing haemostatic contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor's affinity is increased during platelet activation to amplify the common final pathway?

    <p>GPIIbIIIa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the influx of extracellular Ca have on platelets during activation?

    <p>Increases intracellular Ca release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme acts on arachidonic acid to form TXA2 during platelet degranulation?

    <p>COX1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alpha and dense granules in platelet degranulation?

    <p>Release haemostatic contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do released TXA2 and ADP contribute to platelet activation?

    <p>Acting on expressed receptors to amplify activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step that stabilizes and cements the platelet plug?

    <p>Cross-linking and polymerization of fibrin by activated Factor XIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is targeted by Thromboxane (TXA2) inhibitors to inhibit platelet activation?

    <p>COX1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does thrombin play in platelet shape changes?

    <p>Activation of fibrinogen into fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists in platelet action?

    <p>Inhibiting GPIIbIIIa receptor activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During platelet degranulation, which component is NOT typically released?

    <p>Thromboxane (TXA2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Protease-activated receptor-1 Antagonists in platelet function?

    <p>Targeting thrombin receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process creates the Primary Haemostatic Plug through irreversible binding of platelets?

    <p>'Platelet Aggregation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cross-linking and polymerization of fibrin by activated Factor XIII do in platelet function?

    <p>Stabilize and cement the platelet plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thrombin in platelet activation?

    <p>Initiating platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During platelet degranulation, what molecules are NOT typically released?

    <p>Growth Factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of platelets is responsible for filopodia formation during shape change and activation?

    <p>Alpha granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelet degranulation?

    <p>Releasing hemostatically active molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is NOT directly influenced by thrombin in platelets?

    <p>Filopodia formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in platelets stores hydrolytic enzymes for clot resorption?

    <p>Lysosomes (Lambda granules)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During platelet activation, which component is responsible for releasing molecules like ADP?

    <p>Delta granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of released TXA2 on platelet activation?

    <p>Stabilizing the platelet plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily involved in mediating platelet shape changes during activation?

    <p>Dense tubular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thrombin in platelet activation?

    <p>Promote platelet granule secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During platelet aggregation, which molecule plays a key role in connecting adjacent platelets and stabilizing the clot?

    <p>Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of platelet degranulation during activation?

    <p>Release of growth factors and adhesive proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is involved in the release of molecules like serotonin and ADP during platelet activation?

    <p>Golgi complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of thrombin activation on platelets?

    <p>Platelet adhesion to the vessel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle within platelets contains hydrolytic enzymes involved in clot resorption?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule released during platelet degranulation aids in promoting vasoconstriction?

    <p>Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of thrombin in platelet activation?

    <p>Promoting platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During platelet degranulation, which molecules are primarily released?

    <p>Serotonin and ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of GPIIbIIIa receptors in platelet aggregation?

    <p>Mediating platelet-platelet interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process requires the assistance of microtubules in platelets?

    <p>Platelet shape changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular component is responsible for storing glycoproteins and facilitating filopodia formation in platelets?

    <p>Open canalicular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary step in platelet activation?

    <p>Platelet shape changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell coat in platelets?

    <p>Interaction with vessel wall components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ADP during platelet activation?

    <p>'Signaling' molecules for aggregation and degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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