The Female Reproductive System

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic best differentiates endometriosis from endometrial cancer?

  • Endometriosis is characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus, whereas endometrial cancer is a cancerous growth within the uterine lining. (correct)
  • Endometriosis primarily affects post-menopausal women, while endometrial cancer affects those of reproductive age.
  • Endometriosis is easily treatable with antibiotics, while endometrial cancer requires surgery.
  • Endometriosis involves cancerous growth, while endometrial cancer does not.

A patient experiences vaginal bleeding after menopause. What condition should be investigated first?

  • Endometrial cancer (correct)
  • Uterine fibroids
  • Endometriosis
  • Normal post-menopausal symptom

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between uterine fibroids and uterine cancer?

  • Uterine fibroids are cancerous growths that can spread if untreated.
  • Uterine fibroids directly increase the risk of developing uterine cancer.
  • Uterine fibroids are benign and not associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer. (correct)
  • Uterine fibroids are an early stage of uterine cancer.

A patient is diagnosed with myomas. What tissue types are primarily involved in this condition?

<p>Muscle and fibrous tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'endometriosis' is best understood by breaking it down into its word parts. Which interpretation is most accurate?

<p>Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to differentiate between uterine fibroids and endometrial cancer in diagnosis?

<p>Because their treatments and implications for patient health are significantly different. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least likely to be a symptom of endometriosis?

<p>Bleeding between menstrual periods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the location of endometrial tissue differ in endometriosis compared to endometrial cancer?

<p>In endometriosis, endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus, whereas in endometrial cancer, it originates within the uterine lining. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is defined by benign tumors in the uterus composed of muscle and fibrous tissue?

<p>Uterine fibroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patients would require immediate investigation for potential endometrial cancer?

<p>A 55-year-old woman experiencing vaginal bleeding after menopause. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endometriosis

A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain.

Endometrial Cancer

Cancer that starts in the uterine lining, potentially spreading.

Uterine Fibroids

Benign tumors in the uterine wall, made of muscle and fibrous tissue. Also called myoma

-gravida

pregnant

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colp/o

vagina

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nulli-

none

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-para

to give birth

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The term describing the single cell formed immediately after conception is

zygote

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The finger-like structures of the fallopian tube that catch the ovum are the

fimbriae

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The term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all.

perimenopause

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During this phase of the menstrual cycle, hormone levels change to cause the breakdown of the uterine endometrium.

luteal

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During puberty, this term describes the beginning of the menstrual function

menarche

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carry milk from the mammary glands

lactiferous ducts

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partially covers the vaginal orifice

hymen

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external female genitalia

vulva

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the opening into the fallopian tube

infundibulum

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The term used to describe a woman during her first pregnancy is

primigravida

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The fluid produced by the mammary glands during the first few days after giving birth is

colostrum

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From implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy, the developing child is known as

an embryo

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the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition after delivery.

Uterine involution

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is a darkening of patches of the skin on the face during pregnancy.

melasma

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An accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube is known as

pyosalpinx

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The abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus is called

placenta previa

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The direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina using a binocular magnifier is known as

colposcopy

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The term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods is

oligomenorrhea

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The examination of cells retrieved from the edge of the thin outer membrane that encloses an embryo between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy is known as

chorionic villus sampling

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Postmenopausal thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls is called

vaginal atrophy

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The serious complication of pregnancy that is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma is known as

eclampsia, The treatment for this condition is delivery of the fetus.

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Metrorrhagia

is irregular uterine bleeding outside of the menstrual periods.

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Hysterosalpingography

is an x-ray examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

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Galactorrhea

is the production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding.

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Fibroadenoma

is a mass that arises from excess growth of tissue in the breast.

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The postpartum vaginal discharge during the first several weeks after childbirth is known as

Lochia

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Abdominal pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period is known as

dysmenorrhea

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a hernia protruding into the vagina

vaginocele

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The term meaning a woman who has never been pregnant

nulligravida

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The term meaning surgical suturing of the uterus

hysterorrhaphy

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The term meaning a hernia of the uterus, particularly during pregnancy

hysterocele

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The term meaning the surgical fixation of a displaced ovary

oophoropexy

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The term meaning inflammation of the vulva and the vagina

vulvovaginitis

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Crypt/o

Hidden

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Gynec/o

Female

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Men/o

Menstration

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Primi-

First

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Par/o

Live birth

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-tocia

Labor or childbirth

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Amenorrhea

Absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

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Galactorrhea

Production of breast milk in a woman not breastfeeding

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Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstrual periods

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Salpingo-oophorectomy

Surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes

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Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus

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Cervicitis

Inflammation of the cervix

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Endometritis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus

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Metr/o

Uterus

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Oophor/o

Ovaries

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Apgar score

Is an evaluation of a newborn infant’s physical status at one and five minutes after birth 

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Chlamydia

Caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis, is the most common sexually transmitted disease 

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Colostrum

Is a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest 

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Ectopic pregnancy

Is a potentially dangerous condition in which the fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus 

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Endometriosis

Is a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue, escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity 

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Gonorrhea

A highly contagious, sexually transmitted disease, is characterized by painful urination and an abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina 

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leukorrhea

Is a profuse whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina 

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Menarche

Is the beginning of the menstrual function which occurs during puberty 

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Nulligravida

Is a woman who has never been pregnant 

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Nullipara

Is a woman who has never borne a viable child 

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Perimenopause

Is the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

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Placenta previa

Is the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

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Preeclampsia

Is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema and proteinuria 

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Primigravida

Is a woman during her first pregnancy

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Primipara

Is a woman who has borne one viable child

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Pruitus vulvae

Is a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia 

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Syphilis

Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, is a highly contagious, sexually transmitted disease that can be fatal if not treated 

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Mastalgia

Breast pain

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Colposcopy

A visual examination of the vagina 

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Myometrium

Is the muscular middle layer of the uterus

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Amniocentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amniotic sack

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Hysteroptosis

A prolapsed uterus 

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Dystocia

Abnormally difficult childbirth 

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Dermoid cyst

A benign tumor containing various tissues, such as teeth, bone, skin, glands, or hair 

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Pelvic inflammatory disease

Inflammation within the female reproductive organs

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Polycystic ovary syndrome

Imbalance of reproductive hormones that causes irregular menstrual cycles, excessive body and facial hair and acne also called PCOS 

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Ovarian cyst

A fluid filled sack in or on the surface of an ovary

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Pyosalpinx

Accumulation of pus in a fallopian tube 

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Neonatal conjunctivitis

Eye inflammation in a newborn caused by the bacteria, responsible for chlamydia or gonorrhea, passed to the baby during birth 

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Cervical cancer

Is a slow growing squamous cell cancer caused by the papillomavirus infection 

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Cystocele

Is a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall 

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Dyspareunia

Is pain during intercourse

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Vaginismus

Is an involuntary spasm of the muscles of the pelvic floor that closes off the vagina 

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Hysteroscopy

Is the visual examination of the inside of the uterus and cervix using a lighted magnification hysterscope

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Sacrocolpopexy

Is the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the sacrum 

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Gravida

Indicates the number of times the woman has been pregnant (current and past), regardless of the pregnancy outcomes 

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Para

Indicates the number of viable births. Pregnancies, consisting of multiples, such as twins, or triplets, count as one birth for the purpose of this notation. 

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Abortus

Is the number of pregnancies that were lost for any reason, including induced abortions or miscarriages. The abortus term is not used with no pregnancies have been lost.

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Obstetrician

A physician who specializes in providing care to women during pregnancy and childbirth 

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Endometrium 

The inner layer of the uterus that is shed each month if no pregnancy occurs 

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Study Notes

  • Endometriosis is when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, attaching to other pelvic structures.
    • The cause for endometriosis is unknown.
    • Endo- means within.
    • Metri- means uterus.
    • -Osis means abnormal condition.
  • Endometrial cancer starts in the uterine lining and can spread to ovaries and fallopian tubes.
    • Symptoms: vaginal bleeding after menopause, bleeding between periods, and pelvic pain.
  • Uterine fibroids (myomas) are non-cancerous tumors in the uterine wall, made of muscle and fibrous tissue.
    • Fibroid means characterized by fibrous tissue.
    • These growths do not elevate the risk of uterine cancer.

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