Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the survival rate for patients with Stage 1 cancer who undergo surgery?
What is the survival rate for patients with Stage 1 cancer who undergo surgery?
- 70%
- 50%
- 90% (correct)
- 80%
Which procedure is typically used for management at Stage 2 cancer?
Which procedure is typically used for management at Stage 2 cancer?
- Chemoradiation therapy
- Debulking surgery
- Modified radical hysterectomy (correct)
- Total hysterectomy
What should be administered to a patient before an endometrial biopsy to reduce discomfort?
What should be administered to a patient before an endometrial biopsy to reduce discomfort?
- Non-estrodial anti-drug (correct)
- Estrogen supplements
- Antibiotics
- Painkillers
What is a potential complication associated with endometrial biopsy?
What is a potential complication associated with endometrial biopsy?
Which additional investigations may be considered for a comprehensive evaluation before taking a biopsy?
Which additional investigations may be considered for a comprehensive evaluation before taking a biopsy?
What is the lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer for women?
What is the lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer for women?
Which age group has the highest incidence of stage 1 endometrial cancer?
Which age group has the highest incidence of stage 1 endometrial cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for endometrial cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for endometrial cancer?
What percentage of patients with endometrial cancer have inherited mutations?
What percentage of patients with endometrial cancer have inherited mutations?
What initial examination is suggested when assessing for endometrial cancer symptoms?
What initial examination is suggested when assessing for endometrial cancer symptoms?
If the endometrial thickness is found to be less than 4 mm during a transvaginal ultrasound, what is the next step?
If the endometrial thickness is found to be less than 4 mm during a transvaginal ultrasound, what is the next step?
What condition is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal and ovarian cancers?
What condition is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal and ovarian cancers?
What is the most common symptom indicating potential endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women?
What is the most common symptom indicating potential endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women?
Flashcards
Atypia
Atypia
Abnormal cells found in the uterus, potentially indicating a risk of cancer.
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy
A minimally invasive procedure used to examine the lining of the uterus.
Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO)
Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO)
A surgical procedure to remove the uterus, cervix, and fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy
Signup and view all the flashcards
De-bulking and Chemoradiation therapy
De-bulking and Chemoradiation therapy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Azoospermia
Azoospermia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Testicular Sperm Extraction (TSE)
Testicular Sperm Extraction (TSE)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Endometrial Cancer (EC)
Endometrial Cancer (EC)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lynch Syndrome
Lynch Syndrome
Signup and view all the flashcards
Postmenopausal Bleeding (PMB)
Postmenopausal Bleeding (PMB)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)
Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Endometrial Biopsy
Endometrial Biopsy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Indications for ICSI
- ICSI is used for severe male infertility with azoospermia.
Sperm Aspiration Techniques
- TSA: Testicular Sperm Aspiration
- TSE: Testicular Sperm Extraction
- PSA: Percutaneous Sperm Aspiration
- HESA: Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
Endometrial Cancer
- It's a common cancer among postmenopausal women, often occurring in the 70-74 age group.
- Incidence is approximately 95 per 100,000 women
- Average diagnosis age is 62
- Risk increases over a 20-year period as a consequence of aging.
Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer
- Unopposed estrogen (high serum estrogen with no progesterone)
- Age 45+
- Obesity
- Tamoxifen use (72 months or longer)
- Lynch syndrome
- Previous pelvic radiation therapy
Other Risks
- Exposure to both extrinsic and intrinsic estrogens, such as obesity, androgens, or changes in ovarian function
- Estrogen therapy with no progesterone
- Nulliparity
- Early menarche
- Endometroid tumors caused by sporadic mutations but about 5% of cases have inherited mutations.
Clinical Features of Endometrial Cancer
- 90% present with postmenopausal bleeding
- Pelvic exam may reveal vaginal atrophy, and a mass might be palpated.
Investigations
- Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS): helps visualize endometrial thickness
- If endometrial thickness is <4mm, it's normal and no further investigations are necessary.
- If >5mm, regular biopsies, hysteroscopy, or D&C might be needed.
- Endometrial biopsy can be performed during hysteroscopy or D&C for accurate diagnosis.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy for accurate and rapid diagnosis, especially if endometrial sampling demonstrates significant growth or atypical findings.
- Fine needle aspiration technique for accurate diagnosis if traditional methods demonstrate difficulty or other limitations.
Staging of Endometrial Cancer
- Stages 1A and 1B are categorized by proximity to the serosa, cervix, vagina, bladder, and rectum. (Specific values in the document)
Treatment
- Stage 1: Surgery—typically laparoscopic total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
- Stage 3: Debulking and removal of any remaining metastases; chemotherapy/radiation may be required if necessary
- Stage 4: Palliative treatment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
