Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of pinocytosis?
Which of the following is NOT a type of pinocytosis?
- Mitochondria-mediated endocytosis (correct)
- Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
- Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
- Macropinocytosis
What is the size range of nanomaterials that are likely to be swallowed via phagocytosis?
What is the size range of nanomaterials that are likely to be swallowed via phagocytosis?
- Between 750 and 1000 nm
- Between 1000 and 1500 nm
- Less than 750 nm (correct)
- Greater than 1500 nm
Which type of carbon nanotubes induced significantly cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and potent cellular oxidative stress?
Which type of carbon nanotubes induced significantly cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and potent cellular oxidative stress?
- Both Fe-rich and Fe-free CNTs
- Fe-free CNTs
- The text does not mention any specific type of carbon nanotubes.
- Fe-rich CNTs (correct)
Which of the following is a possible mechanism of membrane damage caused by cationic nanomaterials?
Which of the following is a possible mechanism of membrane damage caused by cationic nanomaterials?
What is a widely observed end point for nanotoxicity?
What is a widely observed end point for nanotoxicity?
Which signaling pathways are most commonly disturbed by nanomaterials?
Which signaling pathways are most commonly disturbed by nanomaterials?
What happens when nanomaterials are functionalized with hydrophobic or amphiphilic chains?
What happens when nanomaterials are functionalized with hydrophobic or amphiphilic chains?
What is the main difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis in terms of the size of nanomaterials they can internalize?
What is the main difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis in terms of the size of nanomaterials they can internalize?
Which type of endocytosis is associated with the formation of invaginations coated with clathrin?
Which type of endocytosis is associated with the formation of invaginations coated with clathrin?
Which type of carbon nanotubes induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cellular oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages?
Which type of carbon nanotubes induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cellular oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages?
Which type of charge is more toxic for nanomaterials in blood circulation?
Which type of charge is more toxic for nanomaterials in blood circulation?
What is the possible mechanism of membrane damage caused by cationic nanomaterials?
What is the possible mechanism of membrane damage caused by cationic nanomaterials?
Which signaling pathways are most commonly disturbed by nanomaterials?
Which signaling pathways are most commonly disturbed by nanomaterials?
What happens to the cell membrane when nanomaterials are functionalized with hydrophobic or amphiphilic chains?
What happens to the cell membrane when nanomaterials are functionalized with hydrophobic or amphiphilic chains?
Which of the following is NOT a type of endocytosis?
Which of the following is NOT a type of endocytosis?
Which type of nanomaterial uptake is observed among nearly all cells?
Which type of nanomaterial uptake is observed among nearly all cells?
What is the main difference between Fe-rich and Fe-free carbon nanotubes in terms of their toxicity to alveolar macrophages?
What is the main difference between Fe-rich and Fe-free carbon nanotubes in terms of their toxicity to alveolar macrophages?
Which of the following is a possible reason why positively charged nanomaterials are more toxic in blood circulation?
Which of the following is a possible reason why positively charged nanomaterials are more toxic in blood circulation?
What is the possible mechanism of membrane damage caused by cationic nanomaterials?
What is the possible mechanism of membrane damage caused by cationic nanomaterials?
Why are positively charged nanomaterials more favorable to the negatively charged cell membrane?
Why are positively charged nanomaterials more favorable to the negatively charged cell membrane?
Macropinocytosis is a type of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Macropinocytosis is a type of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Direct penetration is the only pathway for very small nanoparticles to enter the cell.
Direct penetration is the only pathway for very small nanoparticles to enter the cell.
The toxicity of nanomaterials is mainly caused by their chemical components rather than impurities.
The toxicity of nanomaterials is mainly caused by their chemical components rather than impurities.
Positively charged nanomaterials are less toxic than neutralized or negatively charged ones in blood circulation.
Positively charged nanomaterials are less toxic than neutralized or negatively charged ones in blood circulation.
The formation of nano-holes in cell membranes caused by positively charged NMs can lead to colloid-osmotic lysis.
The formation of nano-holes in cell membranes caused by positively charged NMs can lead to colloid-osmotic lysis.
NMs functionalized with neutralizing chemical groups have been shown to induce membrane holes and cytotoxicity in some studies.
NMs functionalized with neutralizing chemical groups have been shown to induce membrane holes and cytotoxicity in some studies.
Nanomaterials can cut cell membranes to induce toxicity, but only CNT aggregates have been shown to be toxic to bacteria.
Nanomaterials can cut cell membranes to induce toxicity, but only CNT aggregates have been shown to be toxic to bacteria.
Which of the following is a definition of prooxidants?
Which of the following is a definition of prooxidants?
Which of the following is NOT a reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
Which of the following is NOT a reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
Which of the following is an example of an antioxidant mechanism found in the biological system?
Which of the following is an example of an antioxidant mechanism found in the biological system?
Which enzyme system is the main source of ROS in the vasculature?
Which enzyme system is the main source of ROS in the vasculature?
Which organelle contains numerous enzymes that help to catalyze redox reactions?
Which organelle contains numerous enzymes that help to catalyze redox reactions?
What is the possible source of exogenous oxidants that could perturb the intracellular oxidative state?
What is the possible source of exogenous oxidants that could perturb the intracellular oxidative state?
What is the possible effect of oxidative stress at the cellular level?
What is the possible effect of oxidative stress at the cellular level?
What is the most biologically active form of vitamin E and how does it exhibit antioxidant ability?
What is the most biologically active form of vitamin E and how does it exhibit antioxidant ability?
What is the role of controlled ROS release in the antibacterial or anticancer properties of NPs?
What is the role of controlled ROS release in the antibacterial or anticancer properties of NPs?
What is the primary reason that ascorbic acid exhibits a broad spectrum of antioxidant activities?
What is the primary reason that ascorbic acid exhibits a broad spectrum of antioxidant activities?
What is the function of tumor suppressor p53 in response to oxidative stress?
What is the function of tumor suppressor p53 in response to oxidative stress?
What are the two categories of antioxidative mechanisms that cells use to counteract oxidative stress?
What are the two categories of antioxidative mechanisms that cells use to counteract oxidative stress?
What is the function of catalase in response to oxidative stress?
What is the function of catalase in response to oxidative stress?
What is the function of ferritin in response to oxidative stress?
What is the function of ferritin in response to oxidative stress?
