Endocrinology and Acne Quiz

<p>Subtle and often asymptomatic nature of insulin resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acanthosis nigricans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance leads to hyperinsulinemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance indirectly promotes keratinocyte growth through hyperinsulinemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acne is a localized skin condition, while insulin resistance is a systemic metabolic disorder. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75 grams oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased testosterone levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A woman with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 and a family history of hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anovulatory women have higher IR than ovulatory women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deepening voice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-alpha reductase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It primarily affects areas like the upper lip, chin, sideburns, chest, and linea alba. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased 5-alpha reductase activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be related to underlying chronic diseases like thyroid dysfunction or anemia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stimulate the production of sebum in the sebaceous glands and can convert vellus hairs to terminal hairs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgens can cause both hirsutism and alopecia, depending on the specific area of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-15% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased estrogen levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, excessive androgen production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced libido (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NDs can recommend alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, herbal remedies, and homeopathy. (A), NDs can provide patient education, prevention strategies, and support for dietary and lifestyle changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone and androstenedione (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70-80% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is implicated in oligo-ovulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired glucose tolerance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endometrial cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased androgen production from the ovaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing the release of androgens from the theca cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is commonly above 2:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits the feedback loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved glucose tolerance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases aromatase activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased secretion of androgens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of endometrial cell stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age people.

Affects 5-15% of individuals, up to 20% in overweight populations.

Varied clinical presentations complicate diagnosis and management of PCOS.

PCOS can lead to anxiety, depression, and poor self-image.

Includes gonadotropin secretion issues, insulin resistance, and high androgen production.

PCOS may have a genetic component and polygenic influences.

PCOS can lead to infertility, metabolic, and cardiovascular issues.

Naturopathic Doctors can aid in education, prevention, and lifestyle support for PCOS.

Close to 70% of PCOS patients experience dyslipidemia, increasing cardiovascular risk.

Includes hirsutism, acne, and alopecia; not rapid increases in androgens.

Excess hair growth in women due to elevated androgen levels, affecting specific areas.

A potent form of testosterone, converts vellus hair to terminal hair in androgens sensitive areas.

DHT makes hair follicles convert short vellus hair to terminal hair, causing hirsutism.

Commonly affects upper lip, chin, sideburns, chest, and lower abdomen.

Less common; caused by DHT rise converting terminal hairs to vellus, leading to hair loss.

Alopecia should be investigated due to potential links with serious conditions like thyroid dysfunction.

Hormones primarily produced in ovarian theca cells, including testosterone and androstenedione.

70-80% of people with PCOS have elevated free testosterone levels.

Elevated DHEAS levels are observed in 25-65% of individuals with PCOS.

A protein that binds sex hormones, produced in the liver, regulating hormone activity.

Insulin suppresses SHBG production, leading to unbound androgens in circulation.

The absence of ovulation due to various factors, including altered GnRH pulsatility.

Includes obesity, infertility, irregular menses, and depression/anxiety.

Can lead to diabetes, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

Abnormal secretion of hormones affecting ovarian function.

Reduced responsiveness of cells to insulin, affecting glucose uptake.

Overproduction of male hormones leading to various symptoms.

Higher ratio (often >2:1) indicates PCOS but is not strictly diagnostic.

Regular release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone affects LH and FSH production.

Thickening of the endometrium due to unopposed estrogen.

Increased insulin production to maintain blood glucose levels despite resistance.

Abnormal lipid levels in the blood often seen in PCOS patients.

Sex hormone-binding globulin, a protein that binds sex hormones in blood.

Treatment targeting insulin resistance can improve menstrual and metabolic functions.

A condition where fasting glucose is 6.1-6.9 mmol/L or HbA1c is 6.0-6.4%.

A chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.

Women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing IGT and T2DM.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to screen for IGT and T2DM using a 75g glucose load.

Increased risk of endometrial cancer in women with PCOS due to unopposed estrogen.

Characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.

A condition where cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

Approximately 45% of women with PCOS have metabolic syndrome compared to age-matched controls.

A common skin condition in adolescents characterized by pimples.

Hormones that can increase sebum production and are linked to acne severity.

Four factors: follicular blockage, sebum overproduction, bacteria growth, inflammation.

Oil produced by sebaceous glands, excess can worsen acne.

A skin condition with thick, velvety patches often signaling insulin resistance.

Small, soft pieces of skin that can appear in insulin-resistant individuals.